2016
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166986
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Social-Economic Status and Cognitive Performance among Chinese Aged 50 Years and Older

Abstract: BackgroundNumerous population-based studies have suggested that socio-economic status (SES) is associated with cognitive performance, but few nationally representative epidemiological studies on cognitive performance with a large sample of older adults are available in China. And many studies explore the factors associated with cognitive performance, mainly focusing on individual level and more rarely on multiple levels that include the individual and community.MethodsThis study uses SAGE-China Wave 1 data whi… Show more

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Cited by 44 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…Sociodemographic and health variables at baseline were taken into account as covariates in the current study. Sociodemographic variables included age, sex, education, monthly household income, and residential area . Health variables included self‐rated health, number of chronic diseases, body mass index (BMI), activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), depressive symptoms (CES‐D10), and baseline cognitive level (MMSE) .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Sociodemographic and health variables at baseline were taken into account as covariates in the current study. Sociodemographic variables included age, sex, education, monthly household income, and residential area . Health variables included self‐rated health, number of chronic diseases, body mass index (BMI), activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), depressive symptoms (CES‐D10), and baseline cognitive level (MMSE) .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sociodemographic variables included age, sex, education, 2,4,25 monthly household income, 4,31 and residential area. 4,31,32 Health variables included self-rated health, 2,4,24 number of chronic diseases, body mass index (BMI), 33 activities of daily living (ADL), 4 instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), 2,4,25 depressive symptoms (CES-D10), 4,24,25 and baseline cognitive level (MMSE). 4,25 Monthly household income was calculated as the total household income divided by the square root of the number of household members.…”
Section: Covariatesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Socio-demographic factors have been demonstrated to directly affect health outcomes among older Chinese people. For example, age, sex, marital status, educational level, income, employment, and residence were found to be associated with depression, 46,47 QoL, [48][49][50] cognitive impairment, 36,[51][52][53] and physical function 36 among older Chinese adults. Specifically, older people are more likely to suffer from depression 46 and worse cognitive function.…”
Section: Relationship Between Socio-demographic Factors and Health Oumentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While cognitive ability is an important measure of intrinsic capacity (9), evidence suggests that the level of cognitive ability differs across nations (10) and socioeconomic position (11,12). Particularly, education is closely linked with better cognitive functioning and contributing to slower cognitive decline with age (13,14) suggesting the role of cognitive reserve theory.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Particularly, education is closely linked with better cognitive functioning and contributing to slower cognitive decline with age (13,14) suggesting the role of cognitive reserve theory. In addition to individual-level factors such as nutrition, sleep problems, physical activity, food insecurity, oral health and social engagement are major determinants of cognitive functioning (11,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). The contextual factors such as indoor and outdoor air pollution, living environment, green space, community-level socioeconomic status, economic recession at the time of birth, childhood and adulthood are also associated with cognitive functioning (11,(21)(22)(23).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%