Social enhancement of laughter: An experimental analysis of some companion variables

Chapman, Antony J.; Wright, Derek

doi:10.1016/0022-0965(76)90034-5

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For example, it has been shown that adults are 30 times more likely to laugh with a partner than they are to laugh alone (Provine 1993). Similarly, typically developing children laugh more, smile more, and rate material as funnier when in the presence of other children (Chapman 1975;Chapman and Chapman 1974;Chapman and Wright 1976). Consequently, it is reasonable to expect that children with autism are likely to exhibit lower rates of laughter relative to comparison children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Laughter Differs in Children with Autism: An Acoustic Analysis of Laughs Produced by Children With and Without the Disorder

Hudenko

Stone

Bachorowski

2009

J Autism Dev Disord

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Few studies have examined vocal expressions of emotion in children with autism. We tested the hypothesis that during social interactions, children diagnosed with autism would exhibit less extreme laugh acoustics than their nonautistic peers. Laughter was recorded during a series of playful interactions with an examiner. Results showed that children with autism exhibited only one type of laughter, whereas comparison participants exhibited two types. No group differences were found for laugh duration, mean fundamental frequency (F(0)) values, change in F(0), or number of laughs per bout. Findings are interpreted to suggest that children with autism express laughter primarily in response to positive internal states, rather than using laughter to negotiate social interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Laughter Differs in Children with Autism: An Acoustic Analysis of Laughs Produced by Children With and Without the Disorder

Hudenko

Stone

Bachorowski

2009

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…Among preschool- and school-age children, the presence or involvement of peers in a fun activity increases displays of positive emotion (Chapman & Wright, 1976; Gaspar & Esteves, 2012); family members may take on some of the functions of playmates when these children are at home. At this age, face-to-face play is replaced by a very wide range of fun activities, including everything from watching television, to playing video games and riding bicycles.…”

Section: Family Influences On School-age Children's Expressive Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s expressions of positive emotion are sustained by smiling, touching, and playing with parents and siblings: A naturalistic observational study of family life.

Bai¹,

Repetti²,

Sperling³

2016

Developmental Psychology

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Research on family socialization of positive emotion has primarily focused on the infant and toddler stages of development, and relied on observations of parent-child interactions in highly structured laboratory environments. Little is known about how children's spontaneous expressions of positive emotion are maintained in the uncontrolled settings of daily life, particularly within the family and during the school-age years. This naturalistic observational study examines three family behaviors - mutual display of positive emotion, touch and joint leisure – that surround 8 to 12 year-old children's spontaneous expressions of positive emotion, and tests whether these behaviors help to sustain children's expressions. Recordings taken of 31 families in their homes and communities over two days were screened for moments when children spontaneously expressed positive emotion in the presence of at least one parent. Children were more likely to sustain their expressions of positive emotion when mothers, fathers or siblings showed positive emotion, touched, or participated in a leisure activity. There were few differences in the ways that mothers and fathers socialized their sons’ and daughters’ positive emotion expressions. This study takes a unique, ecologically valid approach to assess how family members connect to children's expressions of positive emotion in middle childhood. Future observational studies should continue to explore mechanisms of family socialization of positive emotion, in laboratory and naturalistic settings.

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“…Whilst there have been some reports of corresponding social facilitation of happiness expression by strangers (Bruder et al, 2012; Chapman & Wright, 1976; Yamamoto & Suzuki, 2006), this effect is smaller than that by friends (Bruder et al, 2012; Yamamoto & Suzuki, 2006). Other studies have demonstrated reduced emotional expression, in the presence of a stranger (Buck et al, 1992; Jakobs et al, 2001; Lee & Wagner, 2002; Matsumoto & Kupperbusch, 2001).…”

Section: Empirical Investigations Of the Effects Of Social Context Onmentioning

confidence: 98%

The presence of a culturally similar or dissimilar social partner affects neural responses to emotional stimuli

Woodcock

Liu

et al. 2013

Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology

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BackgroundEmotional responding is sensitive to social context; however, little emphasis has been placed on the mechanisms by which social context effects changes in emotional responding.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effects of social context on neural responses to emotional stimuli to inform on the mechanisms underpinning context-linked changes in emotional responding.DesignWe measured event-related potential (ERP) components known to index specific emotion processes and self-reports of explicit emotion regulation strategies and emotional arousal. Female Chinese university students observed positive, negative, and neutral photographs, whilst alone or accompanied by a culturally similar (Chinese) or dissimilar researcher (British).ResultsThere was a reduction in the positive versus neutral differential N1 amplitude (indexing attentional capture by positive stimuli) in the dissimilar relative to alone context. In this context, there was also a corresponding increase in amplitude of a frontal late positive potential (LPP) component (indexing engagement of cognitive control resources). In the similar relative to alone context, these effects on differential N1 and frontal LPP amplitudes were less pronounced, but there was an additional decrease in the amplitude of a parietal LPP component (indexing motivational relevance) in response to positive stimuli. In response to negative stimuli, the differential N1 component was increased in the similar relative to dissimilar and alone (trend) context.ConclusionThese data suggest that neural processes engaged in response to emotional stimuli are modulated by social context. Possible mechanisms for the social-context-linked changes in attentional capture by emotional stimuli include a context-directed modulation of the focus of attention, or an altered interpretation of the emotional stimuli based on additional information proportioned by the context.

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Social enhancement of laughter: An experimental analysis of some companion variables

Cited by 52 publications

References 5 publications

Laughter Differs in Children with Autism: An Acoustic Analysis of Laughs Produced by Children With and Without the Disorder

Laughter Differs in Children with Autism: An Acoustic Analysis of Laughs Produced by Children With and Without the Disorder

Children’s expressions of positive emotion are sustained by smiling, touching, and playing with parents and siblings: A naturalistic observational study of family life.

The presence of a culturally similar or dissimilar social partner affects neural responses to emotional stimuli

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