Social Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students in Pampanga, Philippines

Abstract

-The study aims to investigate the social entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Pampanga, Philippines. Particularly, it scrutinizes the significant differences in the respondents' social entrepreneurial intentions when grouped based on five (5) demographic factors namely: nationality, age, year level, sex, and exposure to student leadership. The participants of the study were randomly selected from three (3) private higher education institutions, one (1) state university, and one (1) local college in Pampanga, Philippines. All these five (5) higher education institutions offer business and entrepreneurship curricular programs. A descriptive research design was used in the study and MannWhitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were employed to examine the research hypotheses. The results revealed that the students' nationality and age showed no statistical significant difference with their social entrepreneurial intentions. On the other hand, sex, year level, and exposure to student leadership reflected significant differences with social entrepreneurial intentions. The findings suggest that nationality and age are insignificant factors affecting the respondents' social entrepreneurial intentions while sex, year level, and exposure to student leadership are significant variables. Implications of the study and the directions for future research were also identified.

Who wants to be a social entrepreneur? Exploring the antecedents interrelationship via modified Mair Noboa model

“…Accordingly, university students are usually in the process of making their decisions on choosing a suitable career. As a result, numerous past studies have heavily emphasized considering university students for determining SEI (Akhter et al , 2020; Ashraf, 2021; Aure, 2018; Ayob et al , 2013; Bacq and Alt, 2018; Fatoki, 2018; Hassan, 2020; Hockerts, 2015, 2017; Ip et al , 2017, 2018; Kazmi et al , 2019; Lacap, 2018; Lacap et al , 2018; Lim and Omar, 2019; Peng et al , 2019; Politis et al , 2016; Tiwari et al , 2017; Viviers et al , 2012). According to UNESCO (2020), tertiary-level education in Bangladesh witnessed an enrolment of a total of 15 million students from 2013 to 2020.…”

“…In 2015, Kai Hockerts developed and validated social entrepreneurial antecedents scale for measuring moral obligation, empathy, perceived social support and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy based on MNM (Hockerts, 2015, 2017). In the context of social entrepreneurship, plenty of studies have applied this scale to measure SEI (Ashraf, 2021; Aure, 2018; Fatoki, 2018; Hockerts, 2017; Ip et al , 2017, 2018; Kazmi et al , 2019; Kruse, 2020; Lacap, 2018; Lacap et al , 2018; Peng et al , 2019; Rambe and Ndofirepi, 2021; Rashid et al , 2018; Sousa-Filho et al , 2020; Younis et al , 2021). To elaborate on the mediating role of “social entrepreneurial self-efficacy” four more items were added to the construct based on the study conducted by Bacq and Alt (2018).…”

Final Year Project as Impetus to Entrepreneurial Intention: A Cross-cultural Analysis

“…In a tabular format, the transcript was converted to themes and categories with the associated keywords. Millman, 2010;Lacap, 2018). Various aspects of entrepreneurship education cannot be benefited through the theoretical approach alone.…”

“…This is manifested by business and nonbusiness students who have high entrepreneurial knowledge and intention (Abun, Foronda, Belandres, Agoot & Magallanez, 2018;Lacap, 2017;Mendoza & Lacap, 2016;Malolos, 2017). These are attributed to such factors as sex (Lacap (2018), specialization (Lacap, 2018), exposure and experience (Cuerdo, 2013;Lacap, 2018;Pavico & Mercado, 2018;Lacap, 2017), conscientiousness (Lacap, 2017), agreeableness (Lacap, 2017), neuroticism (Lacap, 2017), leadership (Ramos, 2014), creativity (Cuerdo, 2013;Ramos, 2014), problem solving (Ramos, 2014), support (Jumamil, Depositario & Zapata, 2017), achievement (Cruz, 2018, affiliation (Cruz, 2018) and self-efficacy (Jumamil, Depositario & Zapata, 2017).…”

Social entrepreneurial intention: A systematic literature review and outlook

“…Notably in this list, excluding China, the remaining 4 countries including Vietnam are all emerging economies according to the Morgan Stanley Capital International classification. This is quite reasonable when researchers agree that starting a social enterprise is considered a key factor for a country's sustainable development (Lacap, 2018;Mair & Noboa, 2006). The development of the social enterprise is considered to be an opportunity for growth, especially in countries with emerging economies (Kabbaj, Hadi, Elamrani, & Lemtaoui, 2016).…”