Social environment, behavior, and schistosomiasis in an urban population in the Northeast of Brazil

Ximenes, RA; Southgate, B. A.; Smith, P. G.; Neto, Leonardo Guimarães

doi:10.1590/s1020-49892001000100005

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This has also been described by other authors [37, 38]. A possible explanation for this was given by Rudge et al [37], who postulated that the use of soap or detergent kills cercaria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women, in Burkina Faso, West Africa

et al. 2016

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BackgroundBecause infections with Schistosoma Haematobium usually peak in childhood, the majority of studies on schistosomiasis have focused on school-aged children. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women in Burkina Faso, West Africa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a mesoendemic region (Kombissiri) and a hyperendemic region (Dori) for schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso. A total of 287 females aged 5 to 50 years were included in the study. S. haematobium infection was assessed using the urine filtration method and dipsticks were used for the detection of hematuria. Interviews were conducted to identify clinical aspects and risk factors related to urogenital schistosomiasis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection in Dori was 21.3 %, where as Kombissiri was less affected with a prevalence of 4.6 %. The most affected age group was the 10- to 14-year-olds (41.2 %), followed by the 15- to 19-year-olds (26.3 %). Risk factors significantly associated with schistosomiasis (P <0.05) were place of residence, age, contact with open water in the past year, and distance of home to open water. The percentage of participants who had contact with open water was significantly higher among the women living in Dori compared to Kombissiri. Females over 15 years of age showed a significant higher rate of water contact compared to the 5- to 15-year-olds. A significant correlation between schistosomiasis and hematuria was established. Microhematuria showed a sensitivity of 80.6 %, a specificity of 92.7 %, and a positive predictive value of 61.7 %, whereas macrohematuria had a sensitivity of 47.2 %, a specificity of 99.2 %, and a positive predictive value of 89.5 %. The mass distribution of praziquantel in Burkina Faso is well established. However, over half of the participants with schistosomiasis in this study said they took praziquantel in the past 6 months, which indicates a high reinfection rate. This may be associated with a lack of knowledge about the transmission of schistosomiasis. Only 6 % of the participants in Kombissiri and 1.5 % in Dori knew about the correct mode of transmission.ConclusionsThe results of our study indicate that distribution campaigns should be extended from school-aged children to young women. Our data also demonstrate the necessity of combining already established mass distribution campaigns with information campaigns, so that long-term elimination, or at least reduction, of schistosomiasis can be achieved.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0174-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…This has also been described by other authors [37, 38]. A possible explanation for this was given by Rudge et al [37], who postulated that the use of soap or detergent kills cercaria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The amount of the body surface exposed, the duration of exposure, and type of water source all influence the risk of infection [22, 35]. An increased risk due to activities where large amounts of body surface are exposed has been described in a number of publications [24, 36–38]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women, in Burkina Faso, West Africa

et al. 2016

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“…Perceived benefits and barriers may mediate intended action, while information from others could serve as cues to action (Brieger et al, 2007;Okeibunor et al, 2007a,b). This is supported by the assertion that transmission of schistosomiasis is the result of the interplay of biological, demographic, environmental and socioeconomic forces (Ximenes et al, 2001;Bruun & Aagaard-Hensen, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Perceptions, Attitudes and Practices on Schistosomiasis in Delta State, Nigeria

Onyeneho

Yinkore²,

Egwuage³

et al. 2010

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Abstract:Urinary schistosomiasis, which is one of the commonest forms of the parasitic disease is a major debilitating disease characterized by blood in urine. The main objective of the study reported here was to assess the knowledge, attitude/perception and practices of the people in Oshimili South and Ndokwa Northeast Local Government Areas of Delta State in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of 400 randomly selected persons aged ≥15 years was undertaken using a uniform set of structured interview schedule administered by trained field assistants. This was supported with some qualitative data collected from in-depth interview with community leaders and school teachers as well as focus group discussions with community members. One-third of the people interviewed were aware of the schistosomiasis. For a majority however, the perceived causes of the disease included witchcraft and sexual or body contact with infected persons. For some of the respondents, the disease is not serious since it does not harm or prevent the victim from eating. In many cases the disease was not treated because of the belief that there is no effective cure for it and that it reoccurs after treatment. But perhaps more importantly, the infection is not treated because it is considered a normal growing up process, which the infected person outgrows. A very high proportion of people depended on the schistosomiasis-infected river for all the domestic needs even where there are alternative sources of water. People argued that the river/ stream give them purer water than the hand dug wells. Furthermore, swimming is a popular activity in the river during all seasons, irrespective of sex and age. In conclusion, the study has identified gaps in the knowledge of the cause and means of transmission, poor perception and management practices, which calls for systematic health education on schistosomiasis in the communities

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“…In small towns, low socioeconomic status, low quality of housing and lack of safe household water supplies in poor neighborhoods, children swimming and playing in infective water, people who had water contact in rural areas, and migration from and periodic return movements to rural areas were highly predictive of schistosomiasis infection (Lima e Costa et al, 1987; Barreto, 1993; Kloetzel, 1989; Amorim et al, 1997; Barbosa et al, 2000; Ximenes et al, 2001). Schistosomiasis prevalence in Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, a city with more than 3 million inhabitants, has been between 7–10% during much of the last 7 decades, similar to the overall rates for the State of Minas Gerais (Schall et al, 2001).…”

Section: Socioeconomic Determinants Of Schistosomiasis Transmission Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic studies of schistosomiasis in Brazil: A review

et al. 2008

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This review finds considerable evidence that socioeconomic status has significantly influenced the transmission, spread and treatment of schistosomiasis in Brazil. High infection rates persist among both the rural and urban poor. Rural living, poor housing and water supplies and low educational level were major factors in schistosomiasis occurrence among agricultural populations. In urban areas, prevailing living conditions in shantytowns and labor migrations from and periodic return movements to rural areas were predictive of schistosomiasis. The risk of the establishment of new transmission foci exists in both rural and urban areas, conferred by and affecting poorer people. Associations between schistosomiasis and socioeconomic parameters, persisting inequities in health services accessibility, prevailing health impacts of schistosomiasis, and the ongoing decentralization of health services point to opportunities and strategies for focused interventions aimed at promoting health-enhancing behavior and living conditions and improving access to health care. The authors call for multidisciplinary studies to better examine the complexities of the socioeconomic environment in relation to schistosomiasis and for economic programs to reduce prevailing socioeconomic inequalities.

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Social environment, behavior, and schistosomiasis in an urban population in the Northeast of Brazil

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women, in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women, in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Perceptions, Attitudes and Practices on Schistosomiasis in Delta State, Nigeria

Socioeconomic studies of schistosomiasis in Brazil: A review

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