Social Exclusion and Early or Unwanted Sexual Initiation Among Poor Urban Females in Ethiopia

Erulkar, Annabel; Ferede, Abebaw

doi:10.1363/3518609

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, we have tried to minimize this problem by providing an environment of privacy during data collection. Furthermore, given that the study was conducted among school adolescents, the findings may not necessarily be generalized to out-of-school adolescents to which we suspect sexual activity might be similar or higher according to studies elsewhere in the country [30,31].…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 90%

Premarital sexual activity among unmarried adolescents in northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Salih¹,

Metaferia

Reda

et al. 2015

Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare

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Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 90%

Premarital sexual activity among unmarried adolescents in northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Salih¹,

Metaferia

Reda

et al. 2015

Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare

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“…Because early sexual encounters in Ethiopia are often in the context of force or coercion [6, 31, 32], interventions should consider the role of gender-based violence and inequitable gender norms in condom use. For young women and girls in Ethiopia, the formation of girls’ groups and community conversations about child marriage were shown to be effective not only in raising the age at marriage [27, 28], but also in increasing FP/RH knowledge and voluntary contraceptive use [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condom use at last sex by young men in Ethiopia: the effect of descriptive and injunctive norms

Jain

Tobey

Ismail³

et al. 2018

Reprod Health

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BackgroundCondoms are an important prevention method in the transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted infections as well as unintended pregnancy. Individual-level factors associated with condom use include family support and connection, strong relationships with teachers and other students, discussions about sexuality with friends and peers, higher perceived economic status, and higher levels of education. Little, however, is known about the influence of social norms on condom use among young men in Ethiopia. This study examines the effect of descriptive and injunctive norms on condoms use at last sex using the theory of normative social behavior.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was implemented with 15-24 year old male youth in five Ethiopian regions in 2016. The analytic sample was limited to sexually active single young men (n = 260). Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted. An interaction term was included in the multivariate model to assess whether injunctive norms moderate the relationship between descriptive norms and condom use.ResultsThe descriptive norm of knowing a friend who had ever used condoms significantly increased respondents’ likelihood of using condoms at last sex. The injunctive norm of being worried about what people would think if they learned that the respondent needed condoms significantly decreased their likelihood to use condoms. The injunctive norm did not moderate the relationship between descriptive norms and condom use. Young men who lived closer to a youth friendly service (YFS) site were significantly more likely to have used condoms at last sex compared to those who lived further away from a YFS site.ConclusionsSocial norms play an important role in decision-making to use condoms among single young men in Ethiopia. The interplay between injunctive and descriptive norms is less straightforward and likely varies by individual. Interventions need to focus on shifting community-level norms to be more accepting of sexually active, single young men’s use of condoms and need to be a part of a larger effort to delay sexual debut, decrease sexual violence, and increase gender equity in relationships.

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“…Early coital debut (consensual, forced, and coerced) and age difference between partners are significant predictors of HIV infection 12,[78][79][80][81][82] and studies show that adolescents in early and forced marriages face a higher risk of HIV infection, other STIs, and obstetric fistula due to early childbearing. 15,47,83,84 DHS data from 29 countries in Africa and Latin America indicate that more than 80% of married adolescent girls between the ages of 15 and 19 have unprotected sex with their partners and are pressured to become pregnant.…”

Section: Data Collection and Measurement Challenges And Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greentree White Paper: Sexual Violence, Genitoanal Injury, and HIV: Priorities for Research, Policy, and Practice

Klot

Auerbach

Veronese

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The links between sexual violence, genitoanal injury, and HIV are understudied but potentially significant for understanding the epidemic's disproportionate impacts on young women and girls, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, other hyperendemic areas, and conflict-affected regions. A Scientific Research Planning Meeting was convened by the Social Science Research Council at the Greentree Foundation in New York, March 19-20, 2012, bringing together an interdisciplinary group of researchers, clinicians, and policy makers to identify knowledge needs and gaps in three key areas: (1) the role of genitoanal injury on HIV transmission, acquisition, and pathogenesis; (2) the influence of sex and age-related anatomic characteristics on HIV transmission, acquisition, and pathogenesis; and (3) the role of heterosexual anal intercourse in HIV transmission. This article reflects the consensus that emerged from the Greentree Meeting regarding priority scientific research questions in these three areas, associated data collection and measurement challenges and opportunities, and implications for policy and practice.

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Social Exclusion and Early or Unwanted Sexual Initiation Among Poor Urban Females in Ethiopia

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

Premarital sexual activity among unmarried adolescents in northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Premarital sexual activity among unmarried adolescents in northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Condom use at last sex by young men in Ethiopia: the effect of descriptive and injunctive norms

Greentree White Paper: Sexual Violence, Genitoanal Injury, and HIV: Priorities for Research, Policy, and Practice

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