Social expectations as a possible mechanism for adult personality change: Limited empirical evidence for the social investment principle

Hang, Yuzhan; Speyer, Lydia Gabriela; Murray, Aja Louise; Luciano, Michelle; Mõttus, René

doi:10.1111/jopy.12809

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…These behavioral changes are then reflected in changes in broader personality traits. Yet, recent studies on the development of personality traits and socioemotional phenomena surrounding major life events have challenged this view because they did not find evidence for all hypothesized changes (Denissen et al, 2019; Hang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Definition and Measurement Of Swbmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of subjective well-being across the life span: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies.

Buecker,

Luhmann,

Haehner

et al. 2023

Psychological Bulletin

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How does subjective well-being (SWB) develop across the life span? Theories and previous empirical research suggest heterogeneous conclusions regarding this question. Therefore, in this meta-analysis, we synthesized the available longitudinal data on mean-level change in three SWB components: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. The analyses were based on 443 unique samples with a total of 460,902 participants. Our results showed that life satisfaction decreased from age 9 to 16 (d = −0.56), increased slightly until age 70 (d = 0.16), and then decreased again until age 96 (i.e., the oldest age for which data on life satisfaction were available; d = −0.24). Positive affect declined from age 9 for almost the entire time until age 94 (d = −1.71). Negative affect showed small ups and downs between ages 9 and 22. After age 22, negative affect declined until age 60 (d = −0.92), after which it increased again until age 87 (d = 0.58). Average changes in positive and negative affect were stronger than in life satisfaction. The moderator analyses suggested that the pattern of mean-level changes held across gender, country, ethnicity, sample type, the measure of SWB, time frame of SWB measure, and birth cohort. In sum, we found a favorable developmental trajectory of SWB over large parts of life for life satisfaction and negative affect and decreases from childhood until late adulthood for positive affect. In late adulthood, SWB tended to worsen rather than improve. Consequently, interventions aimed at maintaining or enhancing SWB in older adults might be useful.

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Section: Definition and Measurement Of Swbmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of subjective well-being across the life span: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies.

Buecker,

Luhmann,

Haehner

et al. 2023

Psychological Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, provided with a sufficiently large set of traits, we can plot their gender differences against their other quantifiable properties, allowing us to explore features other than verbal labels that moderate individual differences (Mõttus et al, 2020). Some examples from contemporary research include exploring associations between traits' developmental trajectories and their social desirability (Ausmees et al, 2022) as well as socially expected means and variances (Hang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations

Hofmann,

Rozgonjuk,

Soto

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Gender differences in personality are typically summarised using broad personality domains. To acknowledge meaningful variation on lower levels of the personality hierarchy, we studied gender differences in facets and single-item nuances. We used machine learning methods to predict gender from aggregate traits of domains and facets, and unaggregated items in previously collected data from four different inventories (IPIP-NEO, NEO-PI-R, HEXACO and BFI-2). In addition, we trained models on IPIP-NEO data from the United States and validated these on data from 74 countries. By different degrees across inventories and countries, items outpredicted facets which outpredicted domains. We present nuances with the smallest and largest gender differences, both those that were the most and least specific to countries. Our results are consistent with research on the multidimensionality of personality traits and suggest that many gender differences are specific to narrow traits and geographical contexts. While gender is predictable from trait combinations, we show that predicting personality traits from gender is virtually impossible and conclude that sweeping statements and generalisations about gender differences are inconsistent with data.

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Why and how does the Dark Triad personality influence knowledge hiding? A generativity perspective

Yan,

Sun,

Brooks

et al. 2024

JKM

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Purpose Drawing on the generativity framework, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the Dark Triad personalities (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and knowledge hiding. This study also identifies the mediating role of generativity motivation and the moderating role of focus on opportunities. Design/methodology/approach Using a convenience sample, a two-wave time-lagged study collected survey responses from 498 employees from manufacturing industries in China, and the data was analyzed using hierarchal regression and bootstrapping methods. Findings This study found that Machiavellianism and psychopathy are both positively related to generativity motivation. The generativity motivation plays a mediating role in the paths of Machiavellianism and psychopathy on knowledge hiding, and a focus on opportunities positively moderates the direct and indirect effect of Machiavellianism and psychopathy on knowledge hiding. Originality/value Based on the generativity framework, we find a new underlying mechanism between the Dark Triad personalities and knowledge hiding, thereby further enriching the literature in relation to their influence over knowledge management. Moreover, it also finds that a focus on opportunities can weaken the negative relationships between the Dark Triad personalities and knowledge hiding.

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Social expectations as a possible mechanism for adult personality change: Limited empirical evidence for the social investment principle

Abstract: Mean-level personality change, also referred to as normative change, refers to changes in average personality trait levels in a population over time (Roberts, Walton,

Cited by 3 publications

References 59 publications

The development of subjective well-being across the life span: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies.

The development of subjective well-being across the life span: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies.

There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations

Why and how does the Dark Triad personality influence knowledge hiding? A generativity perspective

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