Social frailty increases the risk of all-cause mortality: A longitudinal analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Ragusa, Francesco Saverio; Veronese, Nicola; Smıth, Lee; Koyanagi, Ai; Domínguez, Ligia J.; Barbagallo, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.111901

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“… 16 More importantly, social frailty is significantly associated with many adverse outcomes, such as disability, 14 Alzheimer's disease, 17 depression 18 and mortality. 19 , 20 , 21 In summary, these findings suggest that the identification of MCR risk factors from comprehensive social measures (such as social frailty) may be beneficial for the early identification of individuals at higher risk of MCR. However, evidence that social frailty is associated with incident MCR is still lacking, and studies have yet to investigate the potential association in older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Further details on social frailty and its items are presented in Table S1. Specifically, because the item of feeling unhelpful to friends or family was not included in the NHATS, we assessed this aspect according to responses to a similar question: “I feel confident and good about myself.” Individuals with zero social item were classified as robust, those with any one of these items were classified as presocial frailty, and those with two or more items were classified as social frailty 14,19 . We also divided individuals into a normal group (zero to one items), and social frailty groups (two to five items), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pooled prevalence of social frailty worldwide is approximately 23.9% (95% CI: 19.9%−27.9%) in older adults 16 . More importantly, social frailty is significantly associated with many adverse outcomes, such as disability, 14 Alzheimer's disease, 17 depression 18 and mortality 19–21 . In summary, these findings suggest that the identification of MCR risk factors from comprehensive social measures (such as social frailty) may be beneficial for the early identification of individuals at higher risk of MCR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Individuals with zero social item were classified as robust, those with any one of these items were classified as presocial frailty, and those with two or more items were classified as social frailty. 14,19 We also divided individuals into a normal group (zero to one items), and social frailty groups (two to five items), respectively.…”

Section: Social Frailtymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social frailty and the incidence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults

Zhang,

Hu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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INTRODUCTIONVarious associations between social factors and motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) have been reported. However, whether social frailty (integrated from multiple social factors) is associated with MCR is still unclear.METHODSWe included 4657 individuals without MCR at Round 1 of the NHATS as the discovery sample, and 3075 newly recruited individuals from Round 5 of the NHATS as the independent validation sample. Social frailty was assessed by five social items. MCR was defined as the presence of both subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait speed in individuals without dementia or mobility disability.RESULTSCompared with normal individuals, those with social frailty had higher risk of incident MCR (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34–1.84). Each additional unfavorable social item was associated with an increased risk of MCR (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.22–1.43).DISCUSSIONSocial frailty was associated with an increased risk of incident MCR in older adults.Highlights Various associations between social factors and motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) have been reported. Social frailty that integrated from multiple social factors was associated with an increased risk of incident MCR. Social frailty should be included in the early screening of individuals to identify those at higher risk of MCR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Social Frailtymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Social frailty and the incidence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults

Zhang,

Hu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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“…In recent years, attention has focused on social frailty as a risk factor for depression, dementia 15 and all-cause mortality. 16 Although the definition of social frailty differs between studies, there is a consistent understanding that the determination of social frailty includes the lack of social relationships, interactions with others and social support. 17–19 The incidence of social frailty increases significantly in those aged ≥75 years 20 and leads to a higher risk of disability incidence, cognitive decline and physical decline, even after adjusting for physical activity, disease and medication use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of social activity participation and trust in the community on the transition of frailty classification in late-stage older adults: a 4-year prospective cohort study

Takatori

Matsumoto

2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesIn Japan, frailty is a major risk factor for requiring long-term care, especially among older adults aged 75 years or older (ie, late-stage older adults). Both physical and social factors (eg, social activities, social support and community trust) are protective factors against frailty. However, few longitudinal studies have examined reversible change or stage improvement in frailty. This study investigated social activity participation and trust in the community that may affect the transition of late-stage older adults’ frailty status.DesignA mail-based survey was used to analyse the improvement or deterioration of frailty status (categorised as frailty, pre-frailty and robust) over a 4-year period. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted; the transition in frailty classification was the dependent variable, while a change in social activity participation and the degree of trust in the community were the independent variables.SettingIkoma City, Nara Prefecture, Japan.Participants4249 community-dwelling older adults, aged ≥75 years, not requiring long-term care who completed a follow-up questionnaire from April to May 2016.ResultsAdjusting for confounding factors, no significant social factors were detected regarding improvement in frailty. However, an increase in exercise-based social participation was an improvement factor in the pre-frailty group (OR 2.43 (95% CI 1.08 to 5.45)). Conversely, a decrease in community-based social activity was a risk factor in the deterioration from pre-frailty to frailty (OR 0.46 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.93)). In the robust group, increased community-based social activity (OR 1.38 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.90)) was a protective factor against frailty, whereas decreased community trust was a risk factor (OR 1.87 (95% CI 1.38 to 2.52)).ConclusionsNo social factors had a significant influence on the improvement of frailty in late-stage older adults. However, the promotion of exercise-based social participation was found to be important for improvement in the pre-frailty state.Trial registration numberUMIN000025621.

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Association of frailty index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with different diabetic status: NHANES 1999–2018

Xiong,

Meng,

et al. 2024

Acta Diabetol

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Social frailty increases the risk of all-cause mortality: A longitudinal analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Social frailty and the incidence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults

Social frailty and the incidence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults

Effects of social activity participation and trust in the community on the transition of frailty classification in late-stage older adults: a 4-year prospective cohort study

Association of frailty index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with different diabetic status: NHANES 1999–2018

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