Social group membership and an incidental ingroup-memory advantage

Jeon, Youngbin A.; Banquer, Alexis M.; Navangul, Anaya S; Kim, Kyungmi

doi:10.1177/1747021820948721

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Information on ingroup members has been found to trigger greater in-depth processing reflected in neuronal activity (Bavel et al, 2008 ). People also show better performance in remembering information somehow associated with an ingroup, even if this association is incidental rather than substantial (Jeon et al, 2021 ). On a cognitive level, this suggests that ingroup information automatically attracts attention as it is considered as more relevant to the self.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ingroup vs. Outgroup Members' Behavior on Charity Preference: A Drift-Diffusion Model Approach

et al. 2022

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Providing potential donors with information about the behavior of others (i.e., social information) is an increasingly used strategy to nudge prosocial decision-making. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ingroup vs. outgroup information on participants' charity preferences by applying a Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) approach. In a joint evaluation scenario, we manipulated different levels of ingroup/outgroup preference ratios for two charities within subjects. Every subject was presented with three stimulus types (i.e., high, medium, and low ingroup ratio) randomized in 294 trials divided into six blocks. We expected that for stimuli with a high ingroup/outgroup ratio, participants should more often and faster decide for the ingroup's most favored charity. We expected that the speed of evidence accumulation will be higher the larger the ingroup/outgroup ratio. Additionally, we investigated whether variations in model parameters can explain individual differences in participants' behaviors. Our results showed that people generally followed ingroup members' preferences when deciding for a charity. However, on finding an unexpected pattern in our results, we conducted post-hoc analyses which revealed two different behavioral strategies used by participants. Based on participants' decisions, we classified them into “equality driven” individuals who preferred stimuli with the least difference between ingroup and outgroup percentages or “ingroup driven” individuals who favored stimuli with the highest ingroup/outgroup ratio. Results are discussed in line with relevant literature, and implications for practitioners are given.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ingroup vs. Outgroup Members' Behavior on Charity Preference: A Drift-Diffusion Model Approach

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, through the distinctive schemata different individuals, as members of a collectivity, bring to any situation (Bartlett, 1932), Black and White Americans may in the end interpret and encode information in different ways (Brigham et al, 2007; Hewstone et al, 2002; Jeon et al, 2021; Van Bavel & Cunningham, 2012). That is, even when they are exposed to the same material, they may not process it in the same manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malleable national collective memories among Black and White Americans.

Cyr,

Hirst

2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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How do groups remember their shared past? Are there individual differences within a group? How easy is it to change collective memories? The present article addresses these questions by focusing on differences within national subgroups, exploring how national collective memories might differ for Black and White Americans, how individual differences and external influences might moderate or alter any differences, and the temporal extent of any changes that might occur due to external influences. Across four studies, participants were asked to identify the five "most important" events in U.S. history and then asked about their political ideology and racial and national identification, though not in every study. Although individual differences emerged, Black and White participants differed in the types of events they identified as important in U.S. history, with Black participants identifying more race-relevant events than White participants and White participants identifying more traditional founding events than Black participants. As to changes in collective memory, in response to a minimal identity salience manipulation, the murder of George Floyd, and July 4th celebrations, national collective memories evidenced malleability only after the murder of George Floyd. In this instance, the mention of race-relevant events increased, even as the frequency of mention of traditional founding events remained stable. The observed increase in race-relevant events was temporary, however. Findings are discussed in relation to contemporary discussions on collective memory, especially with respect to group differences, individual differences within groups, and mnemonic inertia. Public Significance StatementPublic discourse about the way U.S. history should be told, especially how it should incorporate the Black experience, often pays little attention to the collective memory Black and White Americans actually hold. The present study underscores differences in the ways Black and White participants remember U.S. history but also explores how these differences depend not just on race but also on how Black and White participants navigate what are often competing identities of being Black, White, or simply American. Whatever their content, presently held collective memories proved relatively resistant to change. In the present study, we found that emotionally charged events such as the murder of George Floyd elicited change, but the change proved temporary. The way American history is presently remembered and the stability of these representations needs to be acknowledged as the public considers what might be a better reckoning of the U.S. past.

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“…During trait-descriptiveness ratings, differences in strength of the late positive component (LPC) have been observed, with the strongest enhancement for the self-and smaller advantages for a close other, as compared to a nonintimate other (Kotlewska & Nowicka, 2016). Furthermore, in-group biases have been observed both in explicit reference and incidental tasks (Jeon et al, 2021;Johnson et al, 2002;Turk et al, 2008). Selfconcept centrality of chosen labels, which might be considered to constitute a type of psychological distance, has been shown to mediate perceptual prioritization (Golubickis et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time is of the essence: Past selves are not prioritized even when selective discrimination costs are controlled for

Englert

Lampe

Morina

2022

Preprint

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The perceptual Self Prioritization effect (SPE) refers to an advantage in attending to stimuli associated with the self relative to those associated with another individual. In the perceptual matching task, arbitrary pairings between oneself and other persons, and a geometric shape need to be learned. Apart from the SPE, this task also produces high matching performance for a close other. While cognitive representations of past selves are sometimes viewed as resembling that of an intimate other, and while there is some evidence that other types of psychological closeness modulate the SPE, it remains unclear whether such prioritization effects extend to past selves. Previous experiments on this topic required participants to distinguish between different points in time within the same task, raising the possibility that potential past self-prioritization was masked by task difficulty. In our experiment, we address this potential confound by presenting N = 118 participants with a simpler version of the matching task. We re-investigated self-prioritization in perceptual matching under conditions of mental time travel to the past. In line with previous evidence, we found clear prioritization of present selves, which was evident in response times, accuracies and the efficiency of practice. Performance was consistently poorest for the past self, indicating not only a lack of privileged processing, but rather a relative de-prioritization. Performance was unaffected by either the proximity of the time period in question, nor by experimenter-induced re-imagining of the self. Our results do not support a perceptual prioritization of past selves. Time is of the essence: Past selves are not prioritized even when selective discrimination costs are controlled for

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Social group membership and an incidental ingroup-memory advantage

Cited by 6 publications

References 84 publications

The Effect of Ingroup vs. Outgroup Members' Behavior on Charity Preference: A Drift-Diffusion Model Approach

The Effect of Ingroup vs. Outgroup Members' Behavior on Charity Preference: A Drift-Diffusion Model Approach

Malleable national collective memories among Black and White Americans.

Time is of the essence: Past selves are not prioritized even when selective discrimination costs are controlled for

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