Social Inequality and Predatory Criminal Victimization: An Exposition and Test of a Formal Theory

Cohen, Lawrence E.; Kluegel, James R.; Land, Kenneth C.

doi:10.2307/2094935

Cited by 657 publications

(513 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Furthermore, while we found no effect between being employed in a paid job and victimization, the significant impact of self-employment on victimization of assaults is critical. In fact, self-employed individuals are likely to spend much more time in the street in the group of an active population, which could increase their vulnerability to crime in the light of the theory of routine activities of Cohen et al (1981).…”

Section: Results For Crime Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the sociological theory of "life-style exposure perspective" (Hindelang et al 1978) 4 and that of the "routine activity perspective" (Cohen et al 1981), 5 Barslund et al (2007) found on the one hand that individuals living in a larger household size have less probability to be a victim of crime due to an intra-household protection network and on the other hand that the share of adults provides a significant negative effect on the probability of being victim of crime.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The appropriate regression approach for such a discrete choice model is the maximum likelihood method. Besides usual individual socio-economic characteristics, to take into account the role of social interactions in exposure to crime, the definition of our explanatory variables also referred to the sociological theories of lifestyle defined by Hindelang et al (1978) and that of routine activities of Cohen et al (1981).…”

Section: Estimating Likelihood Of Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic conditions, enforcement, and criminal activities in the district of Abidjan

Kimou

2010

Int Tax Public Finance

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Based on 1978Based on -2007 annual data on crimes recorded by the criminal police division and through a simultaneous equations model, we have shown that the probability of apprehension affects negatively the incidence of thefts and homicides as well as the incidence of aggregate crime. We have also provided evidence that exogenous shocks such as the devaluation of the CFA franc, the military coup d'état, and the civil war have significantly influenced criminal activity in Abidjan. The civil war which occurred in Côte d'Ivoire, while driving to a booming of property crimes, has deterred violent crimes given the crackdown effect of temporary massive presence of military and paramilitary forces in the streets of the city of Abidjan. In addition, using a sample of 1,600 households, our inquiry on the likelihood of crime victimization has pointed out that the risk of being victimized of any kind of crime increases with the income; the fact of being displaced due to the civil war and the decrease in the number of police stations in the neighborhood.

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Section: Results For Crime Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimating Likelihood Of Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic conditions, enforcement, and criminal activities in the district of Abidjan

Kimou

2010

Int Tax Public Finance

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“…Sharing an affinity with routine activity theory (Cohen and Felson 1979;Cohen, Kluegel, and Land 1981;Felson 1987;Brantingham and Brantingham 1995), the logic of our analytic approach diverges from a concern with the production of offenders as in the classic social-disorganization tradition of Shaw and McKay (1942;see also Bursik 1988). In the modern urban system, residents traverse the boundaries of multiple neighborhoods during the course of a day (Felson 1987), a problematic scenario for neighborhood theories seeking to explain contextual effects on individual differences in offending.…”

Section: Research Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the modern urban system, residents traverse the boundaries of multiple neighborhoods during the course of a day (Felson 1987), a problematic scenario for neighborhood theories seeking to explain contextual effects on individual differences in offending. By contrast, we are interested in how neighborhoods fare as units of control or guardianship over their own public spaces (Cohen et al 1981)-regardless of where offenders may reside. The unit of analysis is thus the neighborhood, and our phenomenon of interest is the physical and social disorder within its purview.…”

Section: Research Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods

Sampson

Raudenbush

1999

American Journal of Sociology

1,942

1,656

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This article assesses the sources and consequences of public disorder. Based on the videotaping and systematic rating of more than 23,000 street segments in Chicago, highly reliable scales of social and physical disorder for 196 neighborhoods are constructed. Census data, police records, and an independent survey of more than 3,500 residents are then integrated to test a theory of collective efficacy and structural constraints. Defined as cohesion among residents combined with shared expectations for the social control of public space, collective efficacy explains lower rates of crime and observed disorder after controlling neighborhood structural characteristics. Collective efficacy is also linked to lower rates of violent crime after accounting for disorder and the reciprocal effects of violence. Contrary to the "broken windows" theory, however, the relationship between public disorder and crime is spurious except perhaps for robbery.The answer to the question of how city life was to be possible, then, is this. Visual signs of social and physical disorder in public spaces reflect powerfully on our inferences about urban communities. By social disorder, we refer to behavior usually involving strangers and considered threatening, 1 We thank Tony Earls, Albert J. Reiss Jr., Steve Buka, Jeffrey Morenoff, Richard Congdon, and Matheos Yosef for their help in this project, and the NORC team led by Woody Carter, Cindy Veldman, Jody Dougherty, and Ron Boyd for heroic efforts in data collection. John Laub and the AJS reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier draft. The long-standing interest of Albert J. Reiss, Jr., in systematic social

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A young man referred to specialist secure accommodation

Falshaw

Browne

1999

Child Abuse Rev.

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Young people referred to secure residential provision often present with a multitude of adverse childhood experiences, and it is frequently these dysfunctional backgrounds which prove to be the instigators of their current severely disruptive and antisocial behaviour. This paper presents a case of a young man referred to a specialist secure unit for juveniles, namely the Glenthorne Centre in Birmingham. The aim was to explore the background factors acting as possible instigators of, and reinforcers for, his current behaviour. Analysis was carried out using the multiple sequential functional analysis technique. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Social Inequality and Predatory Criminal Victimization: An Exposition and Test of a Formal Theory

Cited by 657 publications

References 6 publications

Economic conditions, enforcement, and criminal activities in the district of Abidjan

Economic conditions, enforcement, and criminal activities in the district of Abidjan

Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods

A young man referred to specialist secure accommodation

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