Social inequality and sport in Germany – a multidimensional and intersectional perspective

Nobis, Tina; El-Kayed, Nihad

doi:10.1080/16138171.2019.1577328

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Social stratification of sport is widely discussed, and recent German studies indicate that gender, age, immigration status, and social class influence overall participation in sport [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. However, digital sports activities have not been studied yet within a social inequality framework.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Socio-demographic variables. To assess socio-economic and socio-demographic correlates of digital sports activities, we used several variables that all correlate with participation in (traditional offline) sports in Germany [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]: age (in years), gender, educational level (measured by school-leaving qualifications), net income (in ten categories from ‘no income’ up to ‘>5000 EUR/month’), immigrant status (1st and 2nd generation immigrants) and residency in an urban or rural area (measured by place of residence’s total population).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, body shaping-and dance-based workouts, as well as body and mind practices like yoga, reach out to a majority of women. Scholars have often pointed to an underrepresentation of girls and women in German sports clubs [33,44], but fitness activities constitute a more gender-equal field in the sporting landscape [32].…”

Section: Principal Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Digital Media for Home-Based Sports Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the German SPOVID Survey

Mutz

Müller

Reimers

2021

IJERPH

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Health authorities recommend digital tools for home-based sport and exercise routines to stay active and healthy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study investigates the prevalence, duration, most popular activities, and social selectivity of home-based digital sport and its contribution to overall levels of sporting activity during the pandemic. It is based on cross-sectional survey data (n = 1508), representing the population >14 years living in Germany. Data collection took place in October 2020, using computer-assisted web interviewing. Results show that overall, 23% of respondents used digital media for sports activities at least one time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Numbers increased during the lockdown and decreased afterwards. People engaged in a variety of fitness workouts, most frequently practiced with the help of publicly accessible fitness videos from video-sharing platforms. Digital sports practitioners are younger, better educated, and financially better off. Females are overrepresented. Individuals engaged in digital sports achieved 30 min/week more sports activity during the pandemic compared to individuals solely involved in offline sports. Hence, home-based digital sports activities were a popular means to stay active, particularly in the period of the lockdown. Strong social disparities indicate that the possible health benefits of digital sports only reach out to particular population groups.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Digital Media for Home-Based Sports Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the German SPOVID Survey

Mutz

Müller

Reimers

2021

IJERPH

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“…We included sociodemographic variables that relate to sports participation in Germany into the analysis (Breuer, Hallmann, & Wicker, 2011 ; Nobis & El-Kayed, 2019 ; Reimers et al., 2019 ): age (in years), gender, educational level (measured by school-leaving qualifications), net income (in categories from ‘no income’ up to > 5000 € per month), migration status (1st and 2nd generation immigrants) and residency in an urban or rural area. Moreover, we asked respondents whether their administrative district (county or city) had a 7-day incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants of > 50 (so-called “at-risk region”) or not.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leisure time sports and exercise activities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of working parents

Mutz

Reimers

2021

Ger J Exerc Sport Res

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Many working parents experienced a double burden of fulltime employment and increased childcare obligations during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. This paper explores how this twofold burden affected leisure time sports and exercise (LTSE). Following a gender inequality perspective, it is assumed that the level of LTSE of working mothers are more negatively affected by the pandemic than LTSE levels of working fathers. Using the nation-wide representative SPOVID survey, the paper analyses data of all respondents in fulltime employment (N = 631). Data collection took place in October and November 2020 in collaboration with Forsa, a leading corporation for public opinion polls in Germany. Results show that the pandemic led to a reduction of LTSE levels, but with considerable variation between working mothers and fathers. Fulltime working mothers reduced their LTSE by a substantial margin (54 min per week), but not working fathers. It is concluded that the double burden of work demands and childcare duties in the pandemic was largely shouldered by mothers, who then faced greater difficulties to remain active.

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“…It is argued that individuals Table 4 Determinants of domains of social support during pregnancy among Australian women (n = 493), as determined by backward stepwise elimination approach using Multiple logistic regression modelling living in low socio-economical class tend to have a more limited relational radius and prefer self-isolation from the social events because involvement in social activities needs money to afford events which might lead them to self-neglect from the society [59]. Moreover, withdrawal from society and having less friends may lead them to the feeling of loneliness, receive low emotional support and/ or low affectionate support from the social environment including family, friends and spouse [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of low social support during pregnancy among Australian women: a community-based cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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Background Pregnancy is a time for women in which the need for social support is crucial. Social support reduces stressors and improves the emotional and physical well-being of pregnant women. Women receiving low social support during pregnancy are at risk of substances use, developing mental illness, and adverse birth outcomes. The current study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of low social support during pregnancy among Australian women. Methods Data were obtained from the 1973–1978 cohort of Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) and those who report being pregnant (n = 493) were included in the current analyses. Social support was assessed using Medical Outcomes Study Social Support index (MOSS). A logistic regression model was applied to identify determinants of low social support, separately for each MOSS domain. Result The study found that 7.1% (n = 35) of pregnant women reported low social support. Significant determinants of low emotional support were non-partnered (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI: 1.27, 14.99), difficulty managing on available income (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.18, 8.32), experiencing depressive symptoms (AOR = 8.5, 95% CI: 3.29, 22.27) and anxiety symptoms (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.26, 7.03). Significant determinants of low affectionate support were suffering from depressive symptoms (AOR = 5.3, 95% CI: 1.59, 17.99), having anxiety symptoms (AOR: 6.9, 95% CI: 2.21, 22.11) and being moderately/very stressed (AOR: 3, 95% CI: 1.17, 7.89). Significant determinants of low tangible support were difficulty managing available income (AOR = 3, 95% CI: 1.29, 6.95), and being depressed (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.48, 5.34). Conclusion The study revealed that 7.1% of pregnant women reported low social support. Having a mental health problems, being stressed, being from low socio-economic status and being non-partnered were significant determinants of low social support during pregnancy. Maternal health professionals and policymakers can use this information to screen pregnant women at risk of receiving low social support and improve the level of support being provided.

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Social inequality and sport in Germany – a multidimensional and intersectional perspective

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Use of Digital Media for Home-Based Sports Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the German SPOVID Survey

Use of Digital Media for Home-Based Sports Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the German SPOVID Survey

Leisure time sports and exercise activities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of working parents

Prevalence and determinants of low social support during pregnancy among Australian women: a community-based cross-sectional study

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