Social Influences on Adolescent Substance Abuse

Angosta, Joanne; Wang, Carol; Neighbors, Clayton

doi:10.1002/9781119171492.wecad436

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For example, higher consumption of alcohol use in young people is associated with poorer executive functioning compared to controls and individuals who engage in excessive alcohol use later in life [ 33 ]. It is also a time in which peer relationships are of increased importance, and this can elevate the risk of excessive alcohol use due to peer pressure [ 1 ]. Moreover, excessive alcohol use before the age of 15 increases the risk of both major depression and chronic substance use disorder later in life [ 6 ], while comorbid alcohol misuse and depression in young people is associated with lower psychosocial functioning at age 30 [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do interventions principally targeting excessive alcohol use in young people improve depression symptoms?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Excessive alcohol use is common in young people and is associated with a range of adverse consequences including an increased risk of depression. Alcohol interventions are known to be effective in young people, however it is not known if these interventions can also improve depression. Objective To investigate whether psychosocial interventions principally targeting excessive alcohol use in young people reduce depression symptoms compared to controls. Design We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention trials, that measured depression symptoms at follow-up. We used a generic inverse variance random effect meta-analysis to pool the standardised mean difference in change in depression symptoms from baseline to follow-up between intervention and control arms. We used I2 to measure heterogeneity, the Cochrane tool for randomised trials to assess risk of bias, and Egger’s tests to assess small study bias. Data sources APA PsycNET, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Embase (including MEDLINE), and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for relevant studies published from inception to December 2020. Reference lists of studies were also searched, and authors contacted where articles presented insufficient data. Study eligibility criteria Intervention studies that primarily targeted existing excessive alcohol use in young people (aged 10 to 24) and assessed depression outcomes at baseline with a minimum of four-week follow-up. Results Five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Interventions targeting excessive alcohol use were associated with a reduction in depression symptoms from baseline to follow-up when compared to control, standardised mean difference = − 0.26, and 95% confidence interval [− 0.41, − 0.12], p < .001. Conclusions This study found evidence that interventions primarily targeting excessive alcohol use can reduce depression symptoms in young people. However, this finding should be taken with caution given concerns about risk of bias in all studies. More research is needed to examine whether these findings generalise beyond populations of undergraduate students primarily living in high income countries. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020177260.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do interventions principally targeting excessive alcohol use in young people improve depression symptoms?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Yet research suggests that perceived social norms predict people's decisions over and above actual social norms. 56,57 Finally, the effect sizes corresponding to significant differences were often small. Effect sizes are best interpreted within the context of the experimental design and variables included in each analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Social Norms Guide Health Care Decisions for Oneself and Others: A Cross-Sectional Experiment in a US Online Panel

et al. 2021

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Background: Global aging has increased the reliance on surrogates to make health care decisions for others. We investigated the differences between making health care decisions and predicting health care decisions, self-other differences for made and predicted health care decisions, and the roles of perceived social norms, emotional closeness, empathy, age, and gender. Methods: Participants ( N = 2037) from a nationally representative US panel were randomly assigned to make or to predict a health care decision. They were also randomly assigned to 1 of 5 recipients: themselves, a loved one 60 y or older, a loved one younger than 60 y, a distant acquaintance 60 y or older, or a distant acquaintance younger than 60 y. Hypothetical health care scenarios depicted choices between relatively safe lower-risk treatments with a good chance of yielding mild health improvements versus higher-risk treatments that offered a moderate chance of substantial health improvements. Participants reported their likelihood of choosing lower- versus higher-risk treatments, their perceptions of family and friends’ approval of risky health care decisions, and their empathy. Results: We present 3 key findings. First, made decisions involved less risk taking than predicted decisions, especially for distant others. Second, predicted decisions were similar for others and oneself, but made decisions were less risk taking for others than oneself. People predicted that loved ones would be less risk taking than distant others would be. Third, perceived social norms were more strongly associated than empathy with made and predicted decisions. Limitations: Hypothetical scenarios may not adequately represent emotional processes in health care decision making. Conclusions: Perceived social norms may sway people to take less risk in health care decisions, especially when making decisions for others. These findings have implications for improving surrogate decision making. Highlights People made less risky health care decisions for others than for themselves, even though they predicted others would make decisions similar to their own. This has implications for understanding how surrogates apply the substituted judgment standard when making decisions for patients. Perceived social norms were more strongly related to decisions than treatment-recipient (relationship closeness, age) and decision-maker (age, gender, empathy) characteristics. Those who perceived that avoiding health care risks was valued by their social group were less likely to choose risky medical treatments. Understanding the power of perceived social norms in shaping surrogates’ decisions may help physicians to engage surrogates in shared decision making. Knowledge of perceived social norms may facilitate the design of decision aids for surrogates.

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Social Influences on Adolescent Substance Abuse

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Do interventions principally targeting excessive alcohol use in young people improve depression symptoms?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Do interventions principally targeting excessive alcohol use in young people improve depression symptoms?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Perceived Social Norms Guide Health Care Decisions for Oneself and Others: A Cross-Sectional Experiment in a US Online Panel

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