Social Information Processing and Reactive and Proactive Aggression among Children with ADHD

Hammad, Muhammad Ahmed; Awed, Huda Shaaban

doi:10.5539/ijps.v8n2p111

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Difficulties in attention could, for example, lead children with ADHD to miss key social cues (e.g. that their behaviour is irritating a playmate), thus potentially leading to more instances where situations escalate to the point of an aggressive incident (Hammad & Awed, 2016). Alternatively, children with ADHD might successfully attend to social cues but then fail to encode them, undermining their ability to respond in a socially appropriate way (Andrade et al., 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research into links between aggressive behaviours and ADHD has mostly focused on associations at the disorder level (e.g. Bennett et al., 2004; Hammad & Awed, 2016; Slaughter et al., 2020) with a few studies also examining differences within the various dimensions of ADHD symptomatology, that is, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, predominantly inattentive or combined ADHD presentations (Connor et al., 2010; Evans & Fite, 2019). One study examining the differential relations of proactive/reactive aggression and different ADHD subtypes found that proactive aggression was only more prevalent in children with combined inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD compared to a control group without ADHD, while both the combined subtype and the inattentive subtype showed higher reactive aggression than controls (Connor et al., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A symptom level perspective on reactive and proactive aggressive behaviours and ADHD symptoms in childhood

Speyer

Eisner

Ribeaud

et al. 2021

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Objective: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, affecting around 3.4% of children worldwide. A common and impairing correlate of ADHD is aggressive behaviour. ADHD symptoms and aggression are both heterogeneous and it has been speculated that certain symptoms of ADHD might be more important in aggressive behaviours of different types than others. This study uses a symptom-level analysis to investigate the concurrent and temporal links between ADHD symptoms and aggressive behaviours. Methods: Using Gaussian Graphical Models and Graphical Vector Autoregression Models, longitudinal and crosssectional networks of ADHD symptoms and aggressive behaviours, measured using parent-reported Social Behaviour Questionnaires, were estimated. Participants included 1,246 children taking part in the longitudinal Swiss z-proso cohort study at ages 7, 9 and 11. Results: The longitudinal network highlighted that ADHD symptoms and aggressive behaviours share a multitude of reciprocal temporal relations, with inattentive ADHD symptoms preceding both reactive and proactive aggression. Cross-sectional networks suggested that hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were predominantly connected to reactive aggressive behaviours but also to a form of proactive aggression, namely dominating other children. Conclusion: Findings provide preliminary evidence which specific symptoms are the most promising targets for reducing aggressive behaviours in children with ADHD. They also highlight the potential importance of targeting feedback loops resulting from aggressive behaviours. Future research is needed to better understand the mechanisms through which ADHD and aggressive behaviours become linked.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A symptom level perspective on reactive and proactive aggressive behaviours and ADHD symptoms in childhood

Speyer

Eisner

Ribeaud

et al. 2021

Child Psychology Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research into links between aggressive behaviours and ADHD has mostly focused on associations at the disorder level (e.g. Bennett et al, 2004;Hammad & Awed, 2016;Slaughter et al, 2020) with a few studies also examining differences within the various dimensions of ADHD symptomatology, that is, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, predominantly inattentive or combined ADHD presentations (Connor et al, 2010;Evans & Fite, 2019). One study examining the differential relations of proactive/reactive aggression and different ADHD subtypes found that proactive aggression was only more prevalent in children with combined inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD compared to a control group without ADHD, while both the combined subtype and the inattentive subtype showed higher reactive aggression than controls (Connor et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Symptom Level Perspective on Reactive and Proactive Aggressive Behaviours and ADHD Symptoms in Childhood

Speyer¹,

Eisner²,

Ribeaud³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, affecting around 6.5% of youths worldwide. One common and impairing correlate of ADHD is aggressive behaviour which likely acts as a major contributor to the negative outcomes associated with ADHD. ADHD symptoms and aggression are both heterogeneous and it has been speculated that certain symptoms of ADHD might map more closely to certain types of aggressive behaviour. This study uses a symptom-level analysis to investigate the concurrent and temporal links between symptoms of ADHD and aggressive behaviours. This allows insights into whether specific symptoms are more likely to be connected which is highly important to refine intervention targets aiming to reduce aggressive behaviours associated with ADHD.Method: Using Gaussian Graphical Models and Graphical Vector Autoregression Models, cross-sectional and longitudinal networks of ADHD symptoms and aggressive behaviours, measured using parent-reported Social Behaviour Questionnaires (SBQ), were estimated. Participants included 1379 children taking part in the longitudinal Swiss z-proso cohort study at ages 7, 9 and 11. Results: Cross-sectional networks indicated that impulsivity symptoms and fidgeting were connected to reactive aggression under different types of provocation, with fidgeting also connected to a form of proactive aggression, namely dominating other children. The longitudinal network highlighted that ADHD symptoms and aggressive behaviours share a multitude of reciprocal temporal relations with inattentive ADHD symptoms preceding both reactive and proactive aggression. Conclusion: Findings from the current study present preliminary evidence indicating that interventions should focus on both hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive symptoms in order to reduce aggressive behaviours in children with ADHD. They further highlight that it is important to target feedback loops resulting from aggressive behaviours. Future research is needed to better understand the mechanisms through which ADHD and aggressive behaviours become linked.

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“…As noted, the researches results on cyberbullying and traditional bullying among students with disability have confirmed several cases of verbal and physical abuse, as well as social rejection. Students with disability have more frequent targets of bullying than their peers without disability (Hammad & Awed, 2016;Maiano et al, 2016;Víllora et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying and Their Relationship to Self‐esteem Among Hearing-Impaired Adolescents

Hammad

Awed

2020

HSSR

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Purpose: bullying among students with disabilities, especially hearing impairment adolescents is a neglected problem in most Arab countries, including Saudi Arabia. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cyberbullying and traditional bullying and their relationship to self‐esteem in adolescent students in southern Saudi Arabia. Methods: Three questionnaires (cyberbullying, traditional bullying, and self‐esteem) were used to assess the studied parameters. They were distributed to 81 students with hearing impairment (10th and 12th grade), (M = 18.64, SD = 1.06). Main Findings: Findings indicated that 56.4% were exposed to traditional victimization, 52.9% bullied others at school, 44.6% were not exposed to victimization, while 47.1% had not participated. Concerning cyberbullying, 90.5% were not exposed to cyber-victimization, and 94.2% had not participated in cyber-bullying. Males were more exposed to traditional and cyber-victimization than females; besides, they were significantly higher in self-esteem than females. We found a statistically significant correlation between traditional victimization and traditional bully. We also found a statistically significant correlation between self-esteem and both traditional victimization and bully, while no significant correlation between self-esteem and cyber-bully/victims. Novelty/Originality of this study: Additional studies are needed to compare the traditional bullying and cyberbullying, and its relationship to psychological variables among Saudi children with disability and typically developing peers. Moreover, there is an urgent need for evolving prevention and intervention programs to overcome bullying and its negative effects among individual and society.

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Social Information Processing and Reactive and Proactive Aggression among Children with ADHD

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

A symptom level perspective on reactive and proactive aggressive behaviours and ADHD symptoms in childhood

A symptom level perspective on reactive and proactive aggressive behaviours and ADHD symptoms in childhood

A Symptom Level Perspective on Reactive and Proactive Aggressive Behaviours and ADHD Symptoms in Childhood

Prevalence of Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying and Their Relationship to Self‐esteem Among Hearing-Impaired Adolescents

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