Social insurance programs and later-life mortality: Evidence from new deal relief spending

Noghanibehambari, Hamid; Engelman, Michal

doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102690

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The economic exposures during the 1930s have also been examined in the case of the Dust Bowl and the resulting agricultural failure (Cutler, Miller, and Norton 2007;Arthi 2018;Atherwood 2022). There is also evidence that the New Deal programs during the 1930s had an influence on later-life health and mortality (Modrek et al 2022;Noghanibehambari and Engelman 2022). To account for these place-based confounders that vary across cohorts, we interact place fixed effects with birth-year fixed effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also evidence that the New Deal programs during the 1930s had an influence on later‐life health and mortality (Modrek et al. 2022; Noghanibehambari and Engelman 2022). To account for these place‐based confounders that vary across cohorts, we interact place fixed effects with birth‐year fixed effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1935, Social Security Administration was established as an essential part of New Deal programs. These welfare programs have been shown to affect short-run and long-run health outcomes (Stuckler et al 2012;Fishback, Haines, and Kantor 2007;Modrek et al 2022;Noghanibehambari and Engelman 2022;Aizer et al 2016). Therefore, one concern is regarding the generalizability of the presented results to other birth cohorts.…”

Section: Background Research Question and Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2012; Fishback, Haines, and Kantor 2007; Modrek et al. 2022; Noghanibehambari and Engelman 2022; Aizer et al. 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Early Bird Catches the Worm: The Effect of Birth Order on Old‐Age Mortality

Noghanibehambari¹,

Fletcher²

2023

Population & Development Rev

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Previous studies explore the role of birth order in children's and adults’ outcomes. This literature usually provides evidence of disadvantage of children with higher birth order. A narrow strand of this literature explores the association between birth order and old‐age mortality. This study re‐visits the birth‐order‐longevity relationship using US data. We employ Social Security Administration death records between the years 1988 and 2005 linked to the 1940 full‐count census and implement family fixed effect strategy to compare within‐sibling differences in the outcome. The findings suggest that later‐born children live, on average, 1–3 fewer months of life. The observed associations are exclusively concentrated among whites. However, the results do not point to significant heterogeneity based on family socioeconomic status, maternal education, and gender. Additional analyses suggest that higher birth order is associated with negative early educational outcomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background Research Question and Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2012; Fishback, Haines, and Kantor 2007; Modrek et al. 2022; Noghanibehambari and Engelman 2022; Aizer et al. 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Early Bird Catches the Worm: The Effect of Birth Order on Old‐Age Mortality

Noghanibehambari¹,

Fletcher²

2023

Population & Development Rev

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“…Various social security laws in the US are cohort specific and require proof of age. Studies document suggestive impact of social policies on old‐age mortality outcomes (Modrek et al., 2022; Noghanibehambari & Engelman, 2022; Snyder & Evans, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood exposure to birth registration laws and old‐age mortality

Noghanibehambari

Fletcher²

2022

Health Economics

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This paper studies the effects of the enactment of birth registration laws, as the official universal and uniform method of recording births, across US states in the first decades of the 20th century on old‐age longevity for children affected by these laws. We show that establishing birth registration laws has long‐term benefits for old‐age health. The benefits are primarily driven by states with an effective child labor policy, suggesting that registering births helps the enforcement of child labor laws which in turn operate as the mechanism channel to improve old‐age longevity. A treatment‐on‐treated calculation suggests an increase of 0.6 years of longevity from not working during childhood due to the birth registration law.

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Long‐run intergenerational health benefits of women empowerment: Evidence from suffrage movements in the US

Noghanibehambari

Noghani

2023

Health Economics

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An ongoing body of research documents that women empowerment is associated with improved outcomes for children. However, little is known about the long‐run effects on health outcomes. This paper adds to this literature and studies the association between maternal exposure to suffrage reforms and children's old‐age longevity. We utilize changes in suffrage laws across US states and over time as a source of incentivizing maternal investment in children's health and education. Using the universe of death records in the US over the years 1979–2020 and implementing a difference‐in‐difference econometric framework, we find that cohorts exposed to suffrage throughout their childhood live 0.6 years longer than unexposed cohorts. Furthermore, we show that these effects are not driven by preexisting trends in longevity, endogenous migration, selective fertility, and changes in the demographic composition of the sample. Additional analysis reveals that improvements in education and income are candidate mechanisms. Moreover, we find substantial improvements in early‐adulthood socioeconomic standing, height, and height‐for‐age outcomes due to childhood exposure to suffrage movements. A series of state‐level analyses suggest reductions in infant and child mortality following suffrage law change. We also find evidence that counties in states that passed the law experienced new openings of County Health Departments and increases in physicians per capita.

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Social insurance programs and later-life mortality: Evidence from new deal relief spending

Cited by 11 publications

References 117 publications

The Early Bird Catches the Worm: The Effect of Birth Order on Old‐Age Mortality

The Early Bird Catches the Worm: The Effect of Birth Order on Old‐Age Mortality

Childhood exposure to birth registration laws and old‐age mortality

Long‐run intergenerational health benefits of women empowerment: Evidence from suffrage movements in the US

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