Social Learning and Deviant Behavior: A Specific Test of a General Theory

radosevich, radosevich

doi:10.2307/2094592

Cited by 1,094 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These precautions were taken to ensure that the respondents would not artificially inflate or deflate drug use due to peer pressure •. !/ 1/ Research (Akers, et al, 1979;Hardt and Peterson-Hardt, 1977;Single, et al, 1975) has-Shown that self reporting is a valid and reliable method to collect information on drug abuse from juveniles. Religiosity was measured by asking the respondents to indicate along a continuum of 1 to 10 how religious they perceived themselves to be.…”

Section: Study Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A value of 6 was given to almost every day, a value of 5 to several times a week, a value of 4 to a few times a month, a value of 3 for a few times a year, a value of 2 for only once or twice ever, and a value of 1 for never have tried. This methodology was adopted because it has been shown to produce "almost a perfect correlation" with actual frequency of drug use measured on a continuous basis (Akers, et al, 1979).…”

Section: Study Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factors Associated with Illegal Drug Use in Rural Georgia

Napier

Bachtel²,

Carter

1983

J Drug Educ

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Data assessing the extent of illegal drug use were collected in the spring of 1981 from 2,060 junior and senior high school students living in a rural county in southern Georgia. The sample consists of 83.2 percent of all students in the 8 through 12 grades in the county. Only students absent from the public schools at the time the questionnaires were administered were excluded from the analyses. A private school in the county with less than 5 percent of all students refused to participate in the study. The study findings are basically consistent with research expectations. It was revealed that the respondents participated extensively in illegal drug use. Approximately 76.7 percent of the respondents indicated they had consumed alcohol at least once, 41.0 percent had tried marijuana at least once, 64.5 percent had tried cigarettes at least once, 16.0 percent had tried amphetamines at least once, and 12.2 percent had tried barbiturates at least once. The frequency of each illegal drug was regressed against selected independent variables and the findings revealed that 10 variables explained 41.4 percent of the variance in alcohol use, 11 variables explained 57.3 percent of the variance in marijuana use, 8 variables explained 28.7 percent of the variance in cigarette use, 7 variables explained 30.4 percent of the variance in amphetamine use, and 8 variables explained 35.7 percent of the variance in barbiturate use.

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Section: Study Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Illegal Drug Use in Rural Georgia

Napier

Bachtel²,

Carter

1983

J Drug Educ

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show abstract

“…It is primarily through interactions with peers that adolescents learn to define substance use as an acceptable and desirable activity (Akers, Krohn, Lanza-Kaduce, & Radosevich, 1979). Active participation in a peer culture supportive of substance use further reinforces these beliefs and often serves as the basis for the formation of an alternative social identity (Thornberry, Lizotte, Krohn, Farnsworth, & Jang, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Parent–Child Relations and Peer Associations as Mediators of the Family Structure–Substance Use Relationship

Crawford

Novak

2007

Journal of Family Issues

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!Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Survey of 1988, the authors assess the extent to which adolescents' levels of parental attachment and opportunities for participating in delinquent activities mediate the family structure-substance use relationship. A series of hierarchical regressions supported the hypotheses that high levels of substance use among adolescents residing with stepfamilies would be explained by low parental attachment, whereas heightened opportunities for participating in deviant activities would account for the substance use behaviors of individuals living in single-parent households. More generally, the findings suggest that family structure has a moderate effect on youth substance use; that parental and peer relations are better predictors than family structure of levels of alcohol and marijuana consumption; and that variations in parental attachment, parenting style, and peer relations across family types explain some, but not all, of the effects of family structure on adolescents' substance use behaviors. ! !During the past quarter century, there has been a substantial shift in the structure of the family within this country. In 1970, almost 90% of children resided with either both biological or adoptive parents (Fields & Casper, 2001). Thirty years later, only 64% of children resided in such households (National Survey of America's Families, 2002), with an increasing number of children living in single-parent and stepfamilies (Cherlin & Furstenberg, 1994;Fields & Casper, 2001). Individuals emphasizing the importance of the traditional family as an agent of socialization have cited these changes in family organization as a source of a variety of negative outcomes, including the use of alcohol and other drugs, among today's youth (Clayton, 1992). !Adolescents living in single-parent and stepfamilies report higher levels of substance use than children who reside with both biological parents (Flewelling & Bauman, 1990;Hoffmann, 1995Hoffmann, , 2002Hoffmann & Johnson, 1998;Kierkus & Baer, 2002;Needle, Su, & Doherty, 1990;Stern, Northman, & Van Slyck, 1984), especially when the loss of a custodial parent is recent (Gil, Vega, & Biafora, 1998;Kurdek, Blisk, & Siesky, 1981). It is, however, yet to be determined how particular family forms, and marital disruption more generally, enhance adolescents' risks for the use of alcohol and other drugs (Demo & Acock, 1988;Hoffmann, 1995;Kierkus & Baer, 2002). Interestingly, neither decreased economic resources nor increased residential mobility, two factors frequently associated with marital disruption, account for substantial amounts of the variability in these behaviors across family types (Acock & Kiecolt, 1989;Amato & Keith, 1991;Hoffmann & Johnson, 1998).Differences in patterns of parent-child interaction across family forms may provide a better explanation for the higher levels of substance use found among adolescents residing with singleparent and stepfamilies. From a social control perspective, bonds to conventional society, in part...

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“…Individuals may be convinced by persuasive arguments (Myers, 1982), aim to be similar to esteemed others (Akers et al, 1979), be unsure about what is the best behavior in a given situation (Bikhchandani et al, 1992), or perceive social pressure to conform with others (Wood, 2000;Festinger et al, 1950;Homans, 1950).…”

Section: Modeling Social Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards representing human behavior and decision making in Earth system models – an overview of techniques and approaches

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Today, humans have a critical impact on the Earth system and vice versa, which can generate complex feedback processes between social and ecological dynamics. Integrating human behavior into formal Earth system models (ESMs), however, requires crucial modeling assumptions about actors and their goals, behavioral options, and decision rules, as well as modeling decisions regarding human social interactions and the aggregation of individuals' behavior. Here, we review existing modeling approaches and techniques from various disciplines and schools of thought dealing with human behavior at different levels of decision making. We demonstrate modelers' often vast degrees of freedom but also seek to make modelers aware of the often crucial consequences of seemingly innocent modeling assumptions.After discussing which socioeconomic units are potentially important for ESMs, we compare models of individual decision making that correspond to alternative behavioral theories and that make diverse modeling assumptions about individuals' preferences, beliefs, decision rules, and foresight. We review approaches to model social interaction, covering game theoretic frameworks, models of social influence, and network models. Finally, we discuss approaches to studying how the behavior of individuals, groups, and organizations can aggregate to complex collective phenomena, discussing agent-based, statistical, and representative-agent modeling and economic macro-dynamics. We illustrate the main ingredients of modeling techniques with examples from land-use dynamics as one of the main drivers of environmental change bridging local to global scales.

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Social Learning and Deviant Behavior: A Specific Test of a General Theory

Cited by 1,094 publications

References 24 publications

Factors Associated with Illegal Drug Use in Rural Georgia

Factors Associated with Illegal Drug Use in Rural Georgia

Parent–Child Relations and Peer Associations as Mediators of the Family Structure–Substance Use Relationship

Towards representing human behavior and decision making in Earth system models – an overview of techniques and approaches

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