“…With ADDIE integrated in all three dimensions, the ITD model has been tested to be effective over years from a series of case analysis, for example, on the following themes: (a) using Web 2.0 in teacher education with 88 published cases (Liu & Maddux, 2008), (b) the effectiveness of flipped learning with 216 published cases (Liu, Ripley, & Lee, 2016), (c) technology and dynamic design in counseling education and practice with 261 published cases (Liu, Li, & Shcherer, 2016), and (d) social media in dynamic learning with 276 cases (Liu, Chen, & Li, 2019). Those case analyses were performed with logistic 109 regressions, and the results consistently demonstrated that all three dimensions integrated together was the necessary and sufficient condition leading to the expected learning outcomes.…”