Social mobilisation, drug coverage and compliance and adverse reactions in a Mass Drug Administration (MDA) Programme for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in Sri Lanka

Weerasooriya, Mirani V.; Yahathugoda, Channa; Wickramasinghe, Darshana; Gunawardena, Kithsiri; Dharmadasa, Rohan A; Vidanapathirana, Kanchana K.; Weerasekara, Saman H; Samarawickrema, W. A.

doi:10.1186/1475-2883-6-11

Cited by 41 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…23 In addition, independent surveys have been conducted in some districts to evaluate the impact of MDA and to detect evidence of persistent LF in support of the national program. 24,25 However, there is currently no scheme for regularly assessing the prevalence of STH infections in the country. We performed this study as a pilot project to test the feasibility of integrating school-based surveillance for STH and LF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated School-Based Surveillance for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections and Lymphatic Filariasis in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

Gunawardena

Kahathuduwa

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We explored the practicality of integrating surveillance for soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH, assessed by Kato-Katz) with transmission assessment surveys for lymphatic filariasis (LF) in two evaluation units (EUs) in Gampaha district, Sri Lanka (population 2.3 million). The surveys were performed 6 years after five annual rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole. Each transmission assessment survey tested children (N = 1,462 inland EU; 1,642 coastal EU) sampled from 30 primary schools. Low filarial antigenemia rates (0% and 0.1% for the inland and coastal EUs) suggest that LF transmission is very low in this district. The STH rates and stool sample participation rates were 0.8% and 61% (inland) and 2.8% and 58% (coastal). Most STH detected were low or moderate intensity Trichuris trichiura infections. The added cost of including STH testing was~$5,000 per EU. These results suggest that it is feasible to integrate school-based surveillance for STH and LF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated School-Based Surveillance for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections and Lymphatic Filariasis in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

Gunawardena

Kahathuduwa

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…reported that use of other medicines, a lack of feeling of the necessity for them and forgetting among reasons of non-compliance in Sri Lanka in 2007. [14]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis: Recent experiences from a district of West Bengal, India

2013

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Background:Annual mass drug administration (MDA) with diethyl carbamazine (DEC) and Albendazole is the most cost-effective strategy to control lymphatic filariasis (LF).Materials and Methods:The aim of the present study was to assess the coverage and the compliance of MDA, to elicit factors that influenced compliance, to document side-effects reported and to assess the awareness of the community regarding the disease and MDA program in Bankura district, West Bengal after 2012 round of MDA. Multistage cluster sampling method was adopted. Total four clusters; three villages and one urban municipality ward were selected. In each cluster, minimum 30 families were randomly selected and the head or any responsible family member was interviewed using a pre-designed, pre-tested schedule after taking written informed consent. Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS 19.0.Results:Total eligible population was 683 among which 98.8% received both the drugs. About 5% of the recipients took none of the drugs. More than two-thirds of the families took unsupervised dose. Drug compliance rate was significantly lower in urban (90.7%) than in the rural clusters (95.7%) (z = 2.46, P < 0.05). Effective coverage rate was significantly lower in urban than in the rural clusters (87.4% vs. 95.3%; z = 3.57, P < 0.01). Coverage compliance gap was higher in urban (5.7%) than in rural cluster (3.9%). Fear of side-effects was the main reason for non-compliance. Reported side-effects were few, mild, and transient. Around 60% of the surveyed families were aware about the MDA program whereas, 67% of them heard about LF. Only 41% families were provided information, education, and communication in last 15 days before MDA. Major sources of information for the surveyed families were leaflets (20.3%) and poster (9.8%).Conclusions:Widespread rural urban variation in performance status, poor social mobilization activities, lack of supervised dosing, and lack of knowledge of the community about the disease and the program are the major areas of concern.

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“…The results demonstrate that compliance with MDA was higher among the Christians than among the Muslims and non-practicing community members. In Sri Lanka, Weerasooriya et al, [17] have alluded to the importance of exploring cooperation from religious leaders, especially in Muslim areas, as Muslims do not traditionally allow strangers in their homes. The main challenge that this poses for the Program implementers is, how to engage with religious leaders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic factors associated with compliance with mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in Kenya: Descriptive study results

Njomo

Amuyunzu-Nyamongo

Mukoko

et al. 2012

Ann Trop Med Public Health

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Background: Annual Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to at least 65 -80% of the population at risk is necessary for Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) elimination. In Kenya, MDA based on diethylcarbamazine and albendazole, using the community-directed treatment (ComDT) approach has been implemented thrice in the Kwale and Malindi districts. To identify the socioeconomic factors influencing compliance with MDA, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the two districts after the 2008 MDA. Materials and Methods: In Kwale, the Tsimba location was selected for high and Gadini for low coverage, while in Malindi, the Goshi location represented high and Gongoni, low coverage. Using systematic sampling, nine villages were selected from the four locations. Quantitative data was collected from 965 systematically selected household heads and analyzed using SPSS v. 15. For qualitative data, which was analyzed manually according to core themes of the study, 80 opinion leaders and 80 LF patients with clinical signs were purposively selected and interviewed, and 16 focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted with adult and youth male and female groups. Results: Christians were slightly more (49.1%) in the high compliance areas compared to Muslims (34.3%), while Muslims prevailed (40.6%) in the low compliance areas compared to Christians (29%). On the income level, 27% from the low compared to 12.2% from the high compliance areas had a main occupation, indicative of a higher income, and 95% from the low compared to 78% from high compliance areas owned land, also an indicator of higher economic status. Accurate knowledge of the cause of swollen limbs was higher (37%) in the high compared to 25.8% in the low compliance areas, and so was accurate knowledge about the cause of swollen genitals (26.8% in high compared to 14% in low). Risk perception was higher in the high compliance areas (52% compared to 45%) and access to MDA information seemed to have been better in the high compared to low compliance areas. Patients from the high compliance areas had a higher mean number of years with chronic disease (15.2 compared to 9.7). Conclusions: There is a need for more investment in reaching out to groups that are often missed during MDAs. Different strategies have to be devised to reach those in specific religious groupings and those in casual employment. This could include prolonging the duration of MDA to capture those who are out during the week seeking for casual and other forms of employment.

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Social mobilisation, drug coverage and compliance and adverse reactions in a Mass Drug Administration (MDA) Programme for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in Sri Lanka

Cited by 41 publications

References 13 publications

Integrated School-Based Surveillance for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections and Lymphatic Filariasis in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

Integrated School-Based Surveillance for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections and Lymphatic Filariasis in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

Mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis: Recent experiences from a district of West Bengal, India

Socioeconomic factors associated with compliance with mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in Kenya: Descriptive study results

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