Social Network Analysis of COVID-19 Research and the Changing International Collaboration Structure

Abstract

Research in Information Science and interdisciplinary areas suggested the formation of a growing network of international research collaboration. The massive transmission of COVID-19 worldwide especially after the identification of the Omicron variant could fundamentally alter the factors shaping the network’s development. This study employs network analysis methods to analyze the structure of the COVID-19 research collaboration from 2020 to 2022, using two major academic publication databases and the VOSviewer software. A novel temporal view is added by examining the dynamic changes of the network, and a fractional counting method is adopted as methodological improvements to previous research. Analysis reveals that the COVID-19 research network structure has undergone substantial changes over time, as collaborating countries and regions form and re-form new clusters. Transformations in the network can be partly explained by key developments in the pandemic and other social-political events. China as one of the largest pivots in the network formed a relatively distinct cluster, with potential to develop a larger Asia-Pacific collaboration cluster based on its research impact.

A Study on the Influence of New Feminist Brand Advertising on Chinese Consumer Behavior

“…The connotation of feminism includes two aspects: theory and practice. From a theoretical perspective, feminism reinterprets the real world from the perspective of women, even beyond gender, in order to change women's subordinate status in the field of social sciences (Qiu Jiqing, 2015), which is a critical interpretation of women's submissive status (Li Yinhe, 2018); From a practical perspective, feminism, based on the fact that women should have the opportunity to develop their potential, participate in the mainstream of society, and enjoy equality and rights, has raised the issue of women's struggle for rights to the social and political level, challenged the boundary between the public sphere and the private sphere, and stressed the importance of the body in gender politics (Yang Fan, 2020) to enhance the political struggle of women's status, A social movement used to fight for women's liberation and improve their influence.…”

“…What is important is that the social system 'prescribes' men and women into different categories, generates different expectations and evaluations of gender behavior, and makes these two categories mutually exclusive" (Tong Xin, 2005). The so-called "men taking charge of the outside and women taking charge of the inside" refers to the stereotypical positioning of gender roles that has formed gender stereotypes for a long time (Qiu Jiqing, 2015). The gender stereotype has a clear distinction between the high and low status of the two sexes (Shen Yifei 22005), showing the values of male superiority and female inferiority and the discrimination against women in a patriarchal society.…”

“…Feminism recognizes that gender and sex are a pair of concepts with significant differences: physiological gender is defined by biology and determined by heredity, while social gender is constructed by society and is the product of social culture and social system. The concept of gender subverts the concept of "gender" from the physiological, psychological and cultural levels (Qiu Jiqing, 2015). An important purpose of gender theory is to find and reflect on gender stereotypes, and on this basis, try to change and eliminate the social and cultural roots of stereotyped images of women.…”

“…Third, they recognized their own values and strengths, had their own careers, and their marriage concepts were also very different from the past, pursuing economic independence, career development, and the perfect combination of marriage and family (Li Miao, 2012). The fourth is to focus on women themselves (Dai Jinhua, 1999), express their own wishes (Tan Jingchang, 1993), and be loyal to women's own feelings .The fifth, we should try to change and eliminate the social and cultural roots of gender inequality on the basis of re understanding this gender stereotype (Qiu Jiqing, 2015), that is, the evaluation of women should not be constructed by society.…”

Social network analysis of a decade-long collaborative innovation network between hospitals and the biomedical industry in China

“…SNA has been widely used to evaluate collaboration relationships in health care fields, which can help improve collaborations and identify influential actors who can facilitate collaborative relationships. Such SNA explorations primarily include collaborations in cancer care 17 , community health 18,19 , vaccine research 20 , nursing 21,22 , psychiatry 23 , medical education 24 , drug discovery and development 25 , scientific networks and organizations 15,16,[26][27][28][29] , and scientific medical research [30][31][32][33][34] . These SNA studies provided evidence on collaboration features and patterns, and identified key points regarding improving collaboration levels and ranges.…”