Social Network Characteristics and HIV Vulnerability Among Transgender Persons in San Salvador: Identifying Opportunities for HIV Prevention Strategies

Barrington, Clare; Wejnert, Cyprian; Guardado, María Elena; Nieto, Ana; Bailey, Gabriela Paz

doi:10.1007/s10461-011-9959-1

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Across geographic regions and cultural contexts, transgender social networks have been shown to be efficient at engaging other transgender people [7, 28, 49]. Engaging with existing social networks may be a way to reach transgender people and deliver HIV prevention interventions that address the broader social context while being grounded in everyday lived realities.…”

Section: Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV epidemics among transgender women

Poteat

Reisner

Radix

2014

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

203

149

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Purpose of review Recent data on the high burden of HIV among transgender women has stimulated interest in addressing HIV in this vulnerable population. This review situates the epidemiologic data on HIV among transgender women in the context of the social determinants of health and describes opportunities for effective interventions. Recent findings Transgender women experience unique vulnerability to HIV that can be attributed to multi-level, intersecting factors that also influence the HIV treatment and care continuum. Stigma and discrimination, lack of social and legal recognition of their affirmed gender, and exclusion from employment and educational opportunities represent fundamental drivers of HIV risk in transgender women worldwide. Summary Interventions to improve engagement in HIV prevention, testing, care, and treatment among transgender women should build on community strengths and address structural factors as well as psychosocial and biologic factors that increase HIV vulnerability and prevent access to HIV services.

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Section: Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV epidemics among transgender women

Poteat

Reisner

Radix

2014

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

203

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The shared experience of being a trans woman can facilitate the ability to establish trust and rapport swiftly; this experience, which must be phenomenologically experienced to appreciate and understand, cannot be fully realized through any amount of staff sensitivity training. Employing trans women from the local communities is a proven successful method for recruitment (Barrington, Wejnert, Guardado, Nieto, & Bailey, 2012; Reback & Fletcher, 2014), and is one of the most impactful and important factors in reducing the trepidation that high-risk trans women feel in speaking to staff about important HIV prevention and care services (Thornhill & Klein, 2010). …”

Section: Recruitment and Hiv Testing For High-risk Trans Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruiting, Linking, and Retaining High-Risk Transgender Women Into HIV Prevention and Care Services: An Overview of Barriers, Strategies, and Lessons Learned

Reback

Ferlito

Kisler

et al. 2015

International Journal of Transgenderism

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Despite disproportionately high HIV prevalence rates and high risk for HIV acquisition and transmission, trans women in the United States are less likely than other high-risk populations to be aware of their HIV status or to perceive HIV infection as a serious health threat. Furthermore, concurrently high rates of unstable housing, few legal employment opportunities, lack of social support, and distrust of social service providers limit trans women's interest or ability to be recruited by, retained within, or linked into HIV prevention and care services. This article provides an overview of the barriers that prevent many high-risk trans women from being recruited, linked, and retained within HIV prevention and care services as well as accessing HIV testing services, and discusses several strategies for overcoming these barriers. Best practices in working with high-risk trans women include hiring trans women indigenous to the local trans communities, designing culturally specific recruitment and retention strategies including the creation of living “community maps” to ensure successful community outreach, the construction of a trans women-specific CAB to create dialogue with community stakeholders including consumers, and extensive cultural sensitivity training for staff and community collaborators to sensitize them to the specific needs of high-risk trans women participants.

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“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] We also found a small international literature on the transgender population. [18][19][20][21][22] However, the international literature on trans-aging appears to be extremely sparse. 4 What Do We Know?…”

Section: Literature Search Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

It's Not All Darkness: Robustness, Resilience, and Successful Transgender Aging

Witten

2014

LGBT Health

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We review the recent psychosocial literature on transgender aging. We also report relevant in-press results from the Trans MetLife Survey on Later-Life Preparedness and Perceptions in Transgender-Identified Individuals (TMLS) on end-of-life and later-life trans-aging. To obtain relevant literature, we employed the search engines Google Scholar, Stanford Highwire, and PubMed/Medline. Databases searched included Web of Science, Cinhal, PsyINFO, Gender Studies Database, Sociological Abstracts, and Social Services Abstracts. Keyword searches included "transgender" and "transsexual." Key phrases included "transgender aging," "transsexual aging," and "LGBT aging." Years searched were from January 1, 2011, through April 26, 2013. We found two types of articles: LGBT aging-related (or lumped aging) articles and articles that focused specifically on transgender aging, or trans-aging. We found that the articles spoke of concerns and fears regarding discrimination, potential abuse at the hands of caregivers, inability to live out their lives in their true identities, risk of becoming homeless, loss of independence, and dementia, among other concerns. We note that the elder trans-identified population is significantly ill-prepared for the major legal issues that arise and events that occur in the later-life to end-of-life time periods. Despite these difficulties, a few articles spoke of resilience and successful aging in the population. Some TMLS respondents indicated that they were considering either "detransitioning," that is, changing social presentation to the pretransition gender identity, or suicide (which some referred to as euthanasia) as means of managing the severe problems they expected to encounter later in the aging process. A number of potentially modifiable risk factors exist within this population. Modification strategies include increasing the population awareness of the need for end-of-life legal preparations for members of the trans-identified community as well as those who serve it. There is a continued need to reduce stigma and to include gender identity/gender presentation in nondiscrimination and hate crime statutes. Despite these difficulties, there is a resilience and robustness that can be found in many individuals within the community of transgender older adults. There is a need to investigate this further.

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Social Network Characteristics and HIV Vulnerability Among Transgender Persons in San Salvador: Identifying Opportunities for HIV Prevention Strategies

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

HIV epidemics among transgender women

HIV epidemics among transgender women

Recruiting, Linking, and Retaining High-Risk Transgender Women Into HIV Prevention and Care Services: An Overview of Barriers, Strategies, and Lessons Learned

It's Not All Darkness: Robustness, Resilience, and Successful Transgender Aging

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