Social networking in crop plants: Wire and wireless cross-phytobiome communications

Abstract

ants share the phytobiome with other members of the ecological community by sharing their physiology. The phytobiome is a collective ecological entity that senses external and internal stimuli via its member's sensing apparatus (senome). The activated senome generates intercellular, and intra-and inter-organismal signals that induce genetically and epigenetically dependent modifications of phytobiome member transcriptomes. Ultimately, these genetic modifications alter the phenotypes of the collective phytobiome members. Mycorrhiza, epiphytic fungi, and dodder can physically transfer signals between kin and non-kin plants. Phytobiome members can release infochemicals by themselves, or modify plant volatile emissions and root exudates to act as signals for plant-plant interactions. These signals can change plant physiology and induce holobiont updates in receiver plants via a facilitative or competitive mechanism. Receiver plants eavesdrop on phytobiome cues and signals to anticipate responses to unfolding challenges. An emerging body of information in plant-plant interactions through inter-kingdom communication can be exploited in integrated crop management under field conditions. However, a holistic view is crucial for the manipulation of complex systems, such as the phytobiome, to avoid potential butterfly effects.

Isoprene and β‐caryophyllene confer plant resistance via different plant internal signalling pathways

“…Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes have various signalling functions in inter‐specific interactions (Ninkovic et al, 2019; Sharifi & Ryu, 2020). High biogenic isoprene emissions by the leaves of some plant species (Sharkey & Monson, 2017), has, however, been proposed to serve as protection against abiotic stresses, such as high temperatures, drought or excessive light intensities (Behnke et al, 2007; Loreto et al, 2001; Loreto & Schnitzler, 2010; Loreto & Velikova, 2001).…”

“…More complex volatile terpenes, such as mono‐ and sesquiterpenes, also contribute to atmospheric reactions, enhancing, for example, secondary aerosol formation (Joutsensaari et al, 2005). Plants and other organisms emit a high diversity of various mono‐ and sesquiterpenes, compounds that are well known to function as signals in inter‐specific interactions (Ninkovic, Rensing, Dahlin, & Markovic, 2019; Sharifi & Ryu, 2020). Isoprene, on the other hand, can protect plants from thermal and oxidative stresses, though the fundamental reasons for the large investments in isoprene emissions by several plant species are not yet completely elucidated (Monson, Weraduwage, Rosenkranz, Schnitzler, & Sharkey, 2021; Sharkey & Monson, 2017).…”

Understanding Plant Social Networking System: Avoiding Deleterious Microbiota but Calling Beneficials

“…Recently, the role of plant-associated microbial community has been reviewed in plant–plant communications as wired- and wireless components [ 15 ]. In current review, we have focused on the role of plant in modulating SNS against multitrophic stimuli.…”

Plant–plant interactions

“…This idea is developed further in the review by Postma et al (2020), who examine importance of plant–plant interactions on the growth of plants in agricultural contexts. Our set of reviews is completed by Sharifi and Ryu (2020), who bring matters full circle by reviewing how microbial organisms can alter the underlying mechanisms of plant–plant signalling.…”