Social networking in the Columbian ground squirrel, Spermophilus columbianus

Manno, Theodore G.

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.025

Cited by 83 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, Wolf et al (2007) used network analysis to identify a social hierarchy with at least three levels in Galápagos sea lions (Zalaphus wollebaeki ) with an apparent scaling ratio of 3.7 between community and clique. Similarly, Manno (2008) reported a captive population of Colombian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus) composed of separate communities and subcommunities, with a mean scaling ratio of 2.67 between these levels. Although more systematic analyses for a range of species are clearly required, scaling ratios of close to 3 may be fundamental to mammalian social organization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies

2008

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Recent studies have demonstrated that human societies are hierarchically structured with a consistent scaling ratio across successive layers of the social network; each layer of the network is between three and four times the size of the preceding (smaller) grouping level. Here we show that similar relationships hold for four mammalian taxa living in multi-level social systems. For elephant (Loxodonta africana), gelada (Theropithecus gelada) and hamadryas (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) baboon, successive layers of social organization have a scaling ratio of almost exactly 3, indicating that such branching ratios may be a consistent feature of all hierarchically structured societies. Interestingly, the scaling ratio for orca (Orcinus orca) was 3.8, which might mean that aquatic environments place different constraints on the organization of social hierarchies. However, circumstantial evidence from a range of other species suggests that scaling ratios close to 3 may apply widely, even in species where hierarchical social structures have not traditionally been identified. These results identify the origin of the hierarchical, fractal-like organization of mammalian social systems as a fundamental question.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies

2008

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“…While scale-free network structures have been observed in several animal species [Lusseau, 2003;Manno, 2008], they have not been observed in some non-human primate species [Flack et al, 2006;Kasper and Voelkl, 2009;Ramos-Fernández et al, 2009]. However, because there is no common standard analytical protocol, it is difficult to compare structures that have a similar degree distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research into the deep structure of animal societies continues to emerge [Lusseau, 2003;Flack et al, 2006;Manno, 2008;Kasper and Voelkl, 2009;Ramos-Fernán-dez et al, 2009;Kanngiesser et al, 2011;Sueur et al, 2012]. While scale-free network structures have been observed in several animal species [Lusseau, 2003;Manno, 2008], they have not been observed in some non-human primate species [Flack et al, 2006;Kasper and Voelkl, 2009;Ramos-Fernández et al, 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social networking analysis (SNA) is increasingly used to study animal societies [Lusseau, 2003;Lusseau and Newman, 2004;Croft et al, 2005Croft et al, , 2006Wolf et al, 2007;Manno, 2008;Wey et al, 2008;Croft et al, 2010;Wey and Blumstein, 2010], particu-from preferential attachment and triadic closure growth processes [Lusseau and Newman, 2004]. Thus, assortativity in a network can suggest the presence of these growth processes [Lusseau and Newman, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Architecture of the Social Network of a Non-Human Primate (Macaca sylvanus): A Study of Its Topology in La Forêt des Singes, Rocamadour

Sosa¹

2014

Folia Primatol

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For a decade, technological or natural networks have appeared to have a common mathematical architecture. This type of architecture has a node connectivity which follows a power law distribution. This architecture confers to these networks a resistance property to the loss of nodes. Such properties are advantageous for evolutional networks through time. Thus, this architecture can be expected in animal social networks. Another characteristic commonly met concerns the structuration of the network into communities by the mechanism of assortative mixing by vertex degree (i.e. by the number of ties individuals have). Such a structure is a reflection of evolutional mechanisms: the preferential attachment and the triadic closure processes. Using recent analytical techniques on an affiliative social network in a non-human primate species (Macaca sylvanus), we analysed the mathematical architecture and its properties. We demonstrate that in spite of the use of a recent protocol supposed to permit this type of analysis, the type of distribution cannot be clearly determined, encouraging us to carefully interpret the results obtained until then. Nevertheless, we observed interesting properties of the network at an ecological and evolutional level with network resilience that allows a cohesive society to be maintained even when faced with a catastrophe (high predation, epidemic).

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“…Social networks may be constructed from positional or more detailed analyses of behavioural interactions. After its early application to the social behaviour of primates (Sade 1972), SNA has seldom been applied to animal networks until recent years (Lusseau 2003;Lusseau & Newman 2004;Croft et al 2005;Sundaresan et al 2007;Manno 2008). Recent reviews (Krause et al 2007;Wey et al 2008) and a newly published textbook (Croft et al 2008), written specifically for behavioural biologists, synthesize the literature available on applications of this methodology.…”

Section: Animal Behaviour Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the analysis of behavioural organization and interpretation as indicators of animal welfare

Asher

Collins

Ortiz-Pelaez

et al. 2009

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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While the incorporation of mathematical and engineering methods has greatly advanced in other areas of the life sciences, they have been under-utilized in the field of animal welfare. Exceptions are beginning to emerge and share a common motivation to quantify 'hidden' aspects in the structure of the behaviour of an individual, or group of animals. Such analyses have the potential to quantify behavioural markers of pain and stress and quantify abnormal behaviour objectively. This review seeks to explore the scope of such analytical methods as behavioural indicators of welfare. We outline four classes of analyses that can be used to quantify aspects of behavioural organization. The underlying principles, possible applications and limitations are described for: fractal analysis, temporal methods, social network analysis, and agent-based modelling and simulation. We hope to encourage further application of analyses of behavioural organization by highlighting potential applications in the assessment of animal welfare, and increasing awareness of the scope for the development of new mathematical methods in this area.

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Social networking in the Columbian ground squirrel, Spermophilus columbianus

Cited by 83 publications

References 38 publications

Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies

Network scaling reveals consistent fractal pattern in hierarchical mammalian societies

Structural Architecture of the Social Network of a Non-Human Primate (Macaca sylvanus): A Study of Its Topology in La Forêt des Singes, Rocamadour

Recent advances in the analysis of behavioural organization and interpretation as indicators of animal welfare

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