Social Networks and Employment: Outcomes (Part 2)

Abstract

In this second article, we continue to survey research that addresses work and employment from a social network perspective. Building on a companion article in this volume, which explores in-depth the main network mechanisms presented in the literature, this article reviews studies addressing how social networks may shape key employment outcomes for both individuals and organizations. Network access and activation may shape individuals' selection into employment opportunities in addition to a variety of post-hire outcomes including employee performance, promotion, rewards, job satisfaction, and termination. Organizations too may be influenced by their network position and by the activation of certain ties, ultimately affecting key outcomes such as firm performance, innovation, and learning measures. We conclude by discussing promising areas for future research on how social networks interact with employment.

Working to Address the Loneliness Epidemic: Perspective-Taking, Presence, and Self-Disclosure

“…Conversely, higher rates of face-to-face interactions were associated with decreased rates of loneliness. 6 Eerily similar findings emerged from a recent longitudinal study of Facebook utilization and overall well-being. 7 The researchers combined Facebook data with nationally representative Gallup Panel Social Network Study survey data for over 5,000 participants.…”

“…If used as a tool to create meaningful in-person interactions, they may well have a place in fostering connection. 6 But these data do weave a cautionary tale about relying on these virtual networks and allowing our phones to hijack our attention. We have to be vigilant about the possible tradeoffs between in-person and online interactions 7 and about giving people our full attention during those interactions.…”

“…5 Conversely, employees with a strong set of connections at work become socialized more quickly upon entry to new jobs, take less time to onboard, and perform better because they are more likely to get support from their peers. [6][7][8] Both surveys of social contact and experimental manipulations have shown that even short periods of social contact lead to improved cognitive functioning. 9 Connectedness also creates a stronger sense of purpose and enhanced self-esteem that helps buffer against stress.…”

What explains the negative effect of unemployment on health? An analysis accounting for reverse causality

“…Starting with social contacts, the literature documents the positive effects of social contacts for job-finding, thus helping individuals to shorten or avoid unemployment episodes altogether (see e.g. Castilla et al 2013) and also points out the potential for health influencing social networks (Thoits 2011:156). However, there is always a question of how to adequately measure social resources (Van Der Gaag et al 2008).…”

Race and Networks in the Job Search Process

“…Existing estimates suggest that approximately half of all jobs are found through these informal search processes (see Corcoran, Datcher, and Duncan 1980), as opposed to formal job search methods such as online or newspaper job listings. Indeed, a significant body of scholarship has developed to examine how social networks shape labor market outcomes in a variety of ways (Castilla 2005;Fernandez et al 2000;Granovetter 1973Granovetter , 1974Kmec 2006;Lin, Ensel, and Vaughn 1981;Mouw 2003; for reviews, see Castilla et al 2013aCastilla et al , 2013bTrimble and Kmec 2011).…”