Social Networks and Health: Understanding the Nuances of Healthcare Access between Urban and Rural Populations

Amoah, Padmore Adusei; Edusei, Joseph; Amuzu, David

doi:10.3390/ijerph15050973

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Health inequality between rural and urban areas has been a widely studied topic in the field of public health all over the world [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. According to the statistics by the World Bank, the percent of people living in the rural areas has been constantly declining between 1960 and 2017, but it still remained at 45.3% in 2017 [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Versus Urban Patients: Benchmarking the Outcomes of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Shanxi, China from 2013 to 2017

Cai

Liu

2018

IJERPH

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Rural-urban disparity in China attracts special international attention in view of the imbalance of economic development between rural and urban areas. However, few studies used patient level data to explore the disparity of health outcomes between rural and urban patients. This study aims to evaluate the trend of health outcomes between rural and urban patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China. Using an electronic medical records (EMRs) database in Shanxi, China, we identified 87,219 AMI patients hospitalized between 2013 and 2017. We used multivariable binary logistic regressions and two-part models to estimate the association between region of origin (rural/urban) and two outcomes, in-hospital mortality and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses. Rural patients were associated with lower in-hospital mortality and the adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) were 0.173, 0.34, 0.605, 0.522, 0.556 (p-values < 0.001) from 2013 to 2017, respectively. For the OOP expenses, rural patients were experiencing increasing risk of having OOP expenses, with the ORs of 0.159, 0.573, 1.278, 1.281, 1.65. The coefficients for the log-linear models in the five years were 0.075 (p = 0.352), 0.61, 0.565, 0.439, 0.46 (p-values < 0.001). Policy makers in China should notice and narrow the gap of health outcomes between rural and urban patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Versus Urban Patients: Benchmarking the Outcomes of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Shanxi, China from 2013 to 2017

Cai

Liu

2018

IJERPH

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“…The paper is part of a broader mixed method study based on a cross-sectional data, which was gathered from the Ashanti Region in Ghana 38. Other aspects of the broader study have been reported elsewhere 9 39–41…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local patterns of social capital and sustenance of the Community-Based Health Planning Services (CHPS) policy: a qualitative comparative study in Ghana

Amoah¹

2019

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveSocial capital—the resources embedded in social relationships—has been associated with health severally. Notwithstanding, only a handful of studies have empirically examined how it shapes health policies. This paper extends the discourse by comparatively examining how variations in local patterns of structural and cognitive social capital underpin the successes and challenges in managing and sustaining the Community-Based Health Planning Services (CHPS) policy in Ghana. The CHPS is an intervention to address health inequalities.DesignQualitative study involving individual in-depth interviews and focus group discussions using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analysis approach, inspired by McConnell’s typology of policy success (or failure) was adopted.SettingTwo rural communities in two districts in Ashanti region in Ghana.ParticipantsThirty-two primary participants as well as four health personnel and four traditional and political leaders.ResultsBoth structural and cognitive components of social capital underpinned efficient functioning of the CHPS initiative regarding funding, patronage and effective information transmission. Sufficient level of social capital in a community enhanced understanding of the nature and purpose of the CHPS policy as well as complementary ones such as the referral policy. Contrary to popular conclusions, it was discovered that the influence of social capital was not necessarily embedded in its quantity but the extent of conscious activation and application. Furthermore, the findings contravened the assertion that social capital may be less potent in small-sized communities. However, elevated levels of cognitive social capital encouraged people to access the CHPS on credit or even for free, which was injurious to its sustenance.ConclusionThe CHPS initiative, and pro-poor policies alike, are more likely to thrive in localities with sufficient structural and cognitive social capital. Lack of it may render the CHPS susceptible to recurrent, yet preventable challenges.

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“…The extant literature about networks has focused on network structure [36,45], network dimensions, and strong and weak ties [20,46]. Scholars also have studied how a social network develops [47]; the value produced by a social network in an uncertain environment [48,49]; and how it influences individual health [50], job performance [51] or a firm's performance [47]. But most of these studies were conducted in Western countries [52], while little has been done in a country with a transitional economy such as that found in China [53].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Knowledge-Based Resources: The Role of Entrepreneurs’ Social Network Size and Trust

Yin

Jahanshahi

2018

Sustainability

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Entrepreneurs' social networks play a crucial role in developing knowledge-based resources for their new ventures. Although most studies in an entrepreneurship context find that trust is very important when entrepreneurs develop social networks, limited research examines how trust can explain the variation in the relationship between an entrepreneur's social networks and a firm's knowledge-based resources. Therefore, the major objective of the paper is to understand the effects of the size of an entrepreneur's social network on his or her firm's knowledge-based resources with high and low levels of trust. Our data were collected from surveys administered to 476 entrepreneurs in China in 2018. Our multiple regression analysis indicates that social networks reinforce knowledge-based resources in a situation where entrepreneurs highly trust their major networks partners in their business environment (e.g., family, close friends, consultants, suppliers, peers, etc.). However, with a low level of trust, the relationship between social network and knowledge-based resources is curvilinear (inverse U-shaped). Our empirical validations showed that the relationship between social network and a firm's knowledge-based resources is highly contingent to the level of trust among network members.

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Social Networks and Health: Understanding the Nuances of Healthcare Access between Urban and Rural Populations

Cited by 35 publications

References 55 publications

Rural Versus Urban Patients: Benchmarking the Outcomes of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Shanxi, China from 2013 to 2017

Rural Versus Urban Patients: Benchmarking the Outcomes of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Shanxi, China from 2013 to 2017

Local patterns of social capital and sustenance of the Community-Based Health Planning Services (CHPS) policy: a qualitative comparative study in Ghana

Developing Knowledge-Based Resources: The Role of Entrepreneurs’ Social Network Size and Trust

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