Social Norms, the Self, and Sociobiology: Building on the Ideas of A. I. Hallowell [and Comments and Reply]

Barkow, Jerome H.; Beals, Kenneth L.; Daly, Martin; Davis, Whitney; Feldman, Kerry D.; Hall, Roberta H.; Irons, William; Kurland, Jeffrey A.; Lieberman, Leslie Sue; Mark, A. K.; Naylor, L.; Paddock, John; Pourchet, Maria; Quiatt, Duane; Shafton, Anthony; Welte, Cecil R.; Wind, Jan

doi:10.1086/202007

Cited by 41 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The fact that human beings possess an ability for self‐relevant thought that other animals lack raises intriguing questions about when, how, and why this ability evolved over the time that human beings and their hominid ancestors have inhabited the earth. We are by no means the first to address the evolution of self‐reflection (see, for example, Barkley, 2001; Barkow, 1978; Bickerton, 1990; Byrne, 2000; Eccles, 1989; Hallowell, 1955; Humphrey, 1986, 1998; Jaynes, 1976; Parker, 1997; 1998; Sedikides & Skowronski, 1997, 2000, 2002; Skowronski & Sedikides, 1999), but our approach and conclusions differ somewhat from previous work. In particular, we begin with the assumption that the self‐awareness of modern human beings involves a set of distinct cognitive abilities that evolved at different times.…”

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confidence: 89%

The Evolution of the Human Self: Tracing the Natural History of Self‐Awareness

2003

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Previous discussions of the evolution of the self have diverged greatly in their estimates of the date at which the capacity for self‐thought emerged, the factors that led self‐reflection to evolve, and the nature of the evidence offered to support these disparate conclusions. Beginning with the assumption that human self‐awareness involves a set of distinct cognitive abilities that evolved at different times to solve different adaptive problems, we trace the evolution of self‐awareness from the common ancestor of humans and apes to the beginnings of culture, drawing upon paleontological, anthropological, biological, and psychological evidence. These data converge to suggest that that modern self‐thought appeared just prior to the Middle‐Upper Paleolithic transition, approximately 60,000 years ago.Recto running head: Evolution of the Self.

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confidence: 89%

The Evolution of the Human Self: Tracing the Natural History of Self‐Awareness

2003

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“…Prior research has suggested that people consensually share the normative expectation that they should help for altruistic rather than egoistic reasons (Berkowitz and Daniels 1964; White 1984). It has been suggested that societal norms are behavioral standards that develop because they are of particular importance to the societal system (Barkow 1978). That is, the norm to help others for other-serving rather than self-serving reasons may have evolved because of society's need to balance more individual egoistic and hedonic motives with society's need for its members to offer help and assistance to others, without necessarily any reciprocal benefit to the self (White 1984).…”

Section: Normative Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Benefit versus Other-Benefit Marketing Appeals: Their Effectiveness in Generating Charitable Support

White

Peloza

2009

Journal of Marketing

458

464

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Despite the growing need, nonprofit organization marketers have not yet fully delineated the most effective ways to position charitable appeals. Across five experiments, the authors test the prediction that other-benefit (self-benefit) appeals generate more favorable donation support than self-benefit (other-benefit) appeals in situations that heighten (versus minimize) public self-image concerns. Public accountability, a manipulation of public self-awareness, and individual differences in public self-consciousness all moderate the effect of appeal type on donor support. In particular, self-benefit appeals are more effective when consumers’ responses are private in nature; in contrast, other-benefit appeals are more effective when consumers are publicly accountable for their responses. This effect is moderated by norm salience and is related to a desire to manage impressions by behaving in a manner consistent with normative expectations. The results have important managerial implications, suggesting that rather than simply relying on one type of marketing appeal across situations, marketers should tailor their marketing message to the situation or differentially activate public self-image concerns to match the appeal type.

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“…Jerry has repeatedly sought to engage his discipline with evolutionary thinking. At times he has done this with data, at other times by explaining how their view of human behavior is fundamentally flawed (Barkow, 1978a(Barkow, , 1978b(Barkow, , 1980b(Barkow, , 1984(Barkow, , 1989a(Barkow, , 1989b(Barkow, , 1994(Barkow, , 2001Barkow et al, 1978;Barkow, O'Gorman, & Rendell, 2013). "Sometimes the Bus Does Wait" (Barkow, 2006b), the amusingly titled introduction to his edited book (Barkow, 2006c), Missing the Revolution: Darwinism for Social Scientists, is at once a powerful deconstruction of the myths many social scientists hold of evolutionary psychology and a heartfelt plea for them to join the major human science intellectual revolution of our time.…”

Section: Links With Social-cultural Anthropologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Jerome H. Barkow

O’Gorman¹

2021

Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science

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DefinitionJerome (Jerry) Barkow is a biosocial anthropologist whose work has emphasized how our evolved psychology provides the infrastructure of culture and whose work has been a prescient call (Barkow, 1973;Barkow, 1994) for an evolutionary psychological anthropology. His often pioneering work embraces how our pan-primate tendency to form hierarchies helps to generate-and always underlies--human social structures (Barkow, 1975a(Barkow, , 1975b(Barkow, , 1980a(Barkow, , 2014. He coedited the foundational text and rallying cry for evolutionary psychology, The Adapted Mind (Barkow et al., 1992a), drawing together his earlier recognition for evolutionary approaches to ground our study of human behaviour. Barkow's work runs a broad gamut, including work that was a forerunner in the evolutionary study of gossip (Barkow, 1992b), happiness (Barkow, 1997), and, more recently, the likely psychology of extraterrestrials (Barkow, 2000, 2014 He has also been vocal that explanations at different levels of organization (such as those at the individual versus sociological levels) must always be compatible with one another but can never be in competition (Barkow, 1989a(Barkow, , 2006a.

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Social Norms, the Self, and Sociobiology: Building on the Ideas of A. I. Hallowell [and Comments and Reply]

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

The Evolution of the Human Self: Tracing the Natural History of Self‐Awareness

The Evolution of the Human Self: Tracing the Natural History of Self‐Awareness

Self-Benefit versus Other-Benefit Marketing Appeals: Their Effectiveness in Generating Charitable Support

Jerome H. Barkow

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