Social organization of the spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta. II. Dominance and reproduction

Frank, Laurence G.

doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(86)80221-4

Cited by 346 publications

(305 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The subject population was one large Crocuta clan inhabiting a home range of approximately 65 km 2 (Frank, 1986;Boydston et al, 2001). Members of the Talek clan were identified by their unique spot patterns and other conspicuous characteristics such as ear notches.…”

Section: Study Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spotted hyenas live in large social groups, called clans, containing several adult, immigrant males and multiple natal, breeding females clustered in hierarchically-ordered matrilines (Kruuk, 1972;Frank, 1986;Mills, 1990). As such, they more closely resemble the societies of many Old World primates than those of other gregarious carnivores (Ewer, 1973;Holekamp et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, they more closely resemble the societies of many Old World primates than those of other gregarious carnivores (Ewer, 1973;Holekamp et al, 2000). The hierarchical arrangement of Crocuta clans is linear and rigid, with immigrant males ranking lower than adult females or their offspring (Kruuk, 1972;Tilson & Hamilton, 1984;Frank, 1986). Female Crocuta are also slightly larger than males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources of variation in the long-distance vocalizations of spotted hyenas

Theis

Greene

Benson‐Amram

et al. 2007

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SummaryIt has long been recognized that vocal signals communicate information about the age, sex and affective state of callers. However, the mechanisms by which these types of information are communicated are less well understood. Here we investigated variation in the acoustic properties of the long-distance vocalizations, called 'whoops', emitted by free-living spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta. Specifically we investigated whether the fundamental frequency, length and rate of whoops provide information about the caller's age, sex and/or level of arousal. We determined the latter by contrasting whoops emitted spontaneously with whoops emitted during periods of social excitement, when callers typically also exhibited visual signals associated with heightened arousal. We found that the minimum fundamental frequency of a whoop provides reliable information about the caller's general age and, for adult callers, information about sex as well. The vast majority of adult male whoop bouts were emitted spontaneously, but juveniles and adult females produced many of their bouts during periods of social excitement. Although context did not significantly affect the whoop bouts of adult females, juvenile bouts emitted during social excitement had higher maximum fundamental frequencies, greater proportions of asymmetric whoop subtypes, and reduced inter-whoop intervals. By reducing the inter-whoop intervals of bouts, juvenile hyenas significantly increased the likelihood that conspecifics would respond to whoops by approaching the caller or its social companion. Peak fundamental frequency and the relative abundance of whoop subtypes did not appreciably affect response. We discuss the potential functions of whooping by juvenile and adult hyenas in light of these findings.

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Section: Study Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources of variation in the long-distance vocalizations of spotted hyenas

Theis

Greene

Benson‐Amram

et al. 2007

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“…Drews 1993). This problem has only been magnified with researchers using different methods for applying the concept of dominance to empirical studies (e.g., direction of aggression: Vestergaard et al 1993; priority of access: Lemel and Wallin 1993; direction of aggression and priority of access : Frank 1986; spatial position and priority of access : Johnsson 1993;weight: Dugatkin and Ohlsen 1990). Consequently, attempts to link dominance and fitness have met with mixed results, causing the evolutionary significance of the dominance concept itself to be called into question (for review: Fedigan 1983).…”

Section: Onfusion and Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Dominance: The Importance of Leverage

Lewis

2002

The Quarterly Review of Biology

102

101

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“…Female dominance has since been reported for several other lemur species (Kappeler 1993;Jolly 1998) where it may require female aggression in certain dyads and/or contexts. The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is the only other mammalian species in which adult females generally dominate males (Kruuk 1972;Tilson & Hamilton 1984;Frank 1996), but natal males dominate at least some females of lower ranking matrilines (Frank 1986;Frank et al 1989;Smale et al 1993). Female dominance is coupled with a lack of sexual size dimorphism in both lemurs and spotted hyenas (Hamilton et al 1986;Kappeler 1990) and more or less pronounced masculinization of the female genitals (Matthews 1939;Petter-Rousseaux 1962).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen levels and female social dominance inLemur catta

Engelhard

Kappeler

Heistermann

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Morphological and behavioural traits which improve agonistic power are subject to intrasexual selection and, at the proximate level, are in£uenced by circulating androgens. Because intrasexual selection in mammals is more intense among males, they typically dominate females. Female social dominance is therefore unexpected and, indeed, rare. Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) are sexually monomorphic primates in which all adult females dominate all males. The goal of our study was to test the prediction that female dominance in this species is associated with high androgen levels. Using two captive groups, we collected data on agonistic behaviour and non-invasively assessed their androgen concentrations in faeces and saliva by enzyme immunoassay. We found that adult female L. catta do not have higher androgen levels than males. However, during the mating season there was a twofold increase in both the androgen levels and con£ict rates among females. This seasonal increase in their androgen levels was probably not due to a general increase in ovarian hormone production because those females showing the strongest signs of follicular development tended to have low androgen concentrations. At the individual level neither the individual aggression rates nor the proportion of same-sexed individuals dominated were correlated with their androgen levels. We conclude that female dominance in ring-tailed lemurs is neither based on physical superiority nor on high androgen levels and that it is equally important to study male subordination and prenatal brain priming e¡ects for a complete understanding of this phenomenon.

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Social organization of the spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta. II. Dominance and reproduction

Cited by 346 publications

References 33 publications

Sources of variation in the long-distance vocalizations of spotted hyenas

Sources of variation in the long-distance vocalizations of spotted hyenas

Beyond Dominance: The Importance of Leverage

Androgen levels and female social dominance inLemur catta

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