Social Overview of Smartphone Use by Teenagers

Lorenzo, María del Carmen Ricoy; Carrera, Sara Martínez; Martínez-Carrera, Isabel

doi:10.3390/ijerph192215068

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The widespread adoption of smartphones among adolescents globally has brought about a surge in their usage, yet alongside this trend emerges a concerning phenomenon known as problematic smartphone use (PSU). 1 PSU is characterized by excessive and inappropriate smartphone usage, often coupled with an inability to regulate usage, leading to adverse outcomes among adolescents, such as mental health issues, 2 academic struggles, 3 and interpersonal challenges. 4 According to the compensatory internet use theory, individuals may resort to excessive smartphone use as a coping mechanism to escape stressful situations and fulfill unmet needs that cannot be addressed in the physical realm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Smartphone Use Across Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression

Zheng,

Jiang,

Peng

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceNonheterosexual and gender-nonconforming (GNC) individuals tend to report adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) more frequently compared with heterosexual and gender-conforming individuals, and individuals who have experienced ACEs, identify as nonheterosexual, or exhibit moderate to high levels of GNC are more prone to engaging in problematic smartphone use (PSU). However, there is limited school-based data among adolescents regarding this matter.ObjectivesTo explore the associations between ACEs and PSU among adolescents across different sexual orientation and gender expression groups.Design, setting, and participantsUsing data from the 2021 School-Based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey, this cross-sectional study includes participants from 288 public high schools across 8 provinces in China. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2023 to February 2024.ExposuresData on ACEs, sexual orientations, and gender expressions (high, moderate, and low GNC) were collected.Main outcomes and measuresPSU was assessed using the 10-item Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). Weighted linear, logistic, or Poisson regression models were used.ResultsAmong the 85 064 adolescents included (mean [SD] age, 14.92 [1.77] years), 42 632 (50.1%) were female, 70 157 (83.2%) identified as Han Chinese, and 14 208 (16.8) identified as other ethnicities (Miao, Hui, Yi, Dai, and other ethnic groups). The prevalence of PSU among participants was 35.4%. Weighted Poisson regression models indicated that the interaction between GNC and ACE was significant (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99). Further stratified analysis demonstrated homosexual adolescents who experienced 4 or more ACEs showed a significantly increased prevalence of PSU (APR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.64-1.96). Similarly, a markedly higher prevalence of PSU was observed among bisexual individuals with 4 or more ACEs (APR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.41-1.80). Regarding gender expression categories, a significantly higher prevalence of PSU was noted among high GNC adolescents with 4 or more ACEs (APR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.60-1.98) compared with low GNC adolescents without ACEs. Furthermore, experiencing any 3 ACE categories (abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction) was associated with an increased prevalence of PSU across different sexual orientation and gender expression subgroups.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the amalgamation of elevated ACE scores with nonheterosexual orientations or GNC identities was significantly associated with increased PSU prevalence. These findings underscore that preventing ACEs may be beneficial in mitigating PSU among adolescents, particularly for nonheterosexual adolescents and those with high levels of GNC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Smartphone Use Across Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression

Zheng,

Jiang,

Peng

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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“…Among the younger demographic, smartphones are even more prevalent, with 95% of adolescents in the United States [5] and 99.1% of youth in South Korea ownwww.e-chnr.org ing a smartphone [6]. This underscores the profound and pervasive influence of smartphones in the lives of young people [7]. Adolescents rely on smartphones to access information, learn, connect with others, and entertain [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between smartphone overdependence and mental health in South Korean adolescents: a secondary data analysis

Yun,

Choi

2024

Child Health Nurs Res

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Purpose: The rising prevalence of smartphone overdependence among adolescents and its detrimental impact on mental health have become a growing concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between smartphone overdependence and the mental health of Korean adolescents.Methods: Participants were drawn from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2020. The dependent variable as smartphone overdependence, while the main exposure of interest was mental health, encompassing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), perceived stress, sources of perceived stress, perceived loneliness, and perceived depressive symptoms. The study employed the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression using IBM SPSS version 26.0.Results: The participants comprised 54,948 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Among them, 25.1% (n=13,775) were categorized as smartphone overdependence group. Specifically, 20.3% of adolescents who reported GAD ≥10 and 22.5% of those who reported experiencing high levels of perceived loneliness were identified as smartphone overdependent. The GAD increased a risk of smartphone overdependence by 2.61 times (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.46–2.77). Perceived loneliness was associated with 1.98-fold (95% CI: 1.87–2.09) increased risk of smartphone overdependence. Additionally, conflict with peers was found to increase the risk of smartphone overdependence by 4.63-fold (95% CI: 3.89–5.52), followed by conflict with parents (odds ratio [OR]: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.84–5.31), and family environment (OR: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.75–5.46).Conclusion: The findings underscore a significant association between smartphone overdependence and mental health in Korean adolescents. Healthcare services to improve their emotional coping and interpersonal skills are necessary.

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“…The use of smartphones and the internet has become increasingly popular among adolescents worldwide, with widespread access to digital devices and high-speed internet ( Ricoy, Martínez-Carrera, & Martínez-Carrera, 2022 ). In China alone, there were over 191 million adolescent internet users in 2021, with the majority accessing the web through their personal devices ( China Internet Network Information Center, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonconforming gender expression and associated problematic smartphone and internet use among Chinese adolescents

Zheng,

Yang,

Jiang

et al. 2023

JBA

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Background and aimsGender nonconformity (GNC), which refers to an individual's expression of gender that does not align with the socially prescribed norms for their biological sex, may be associated with adverse behavioral problems, such as problematic smartphone use (PSU) and problematic internet use (PIU). This study examined the associations between GNC and PSU and GNC and PIU among Chinese adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2021 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey, recruiting 23,054 eligible adolescents aged 11 to 21, with an average age of 14.9 (SD: 1.7) years from 504 classes in 84 public high schools across 7 cities in China. Gender nonconformity, PSU/PIU, and demographics were measured. Mixed-effect linear regression models were performed.ResultsAmong the participants (51.0% male), 5.3% reported high GNC and 26.9% reported moderate GNC. After adjusting for covariates, high GNC was significantly and positively associated with PSU (Β = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.49–1.72) and PIU severity (Β = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.40–2.93). Stratified analyses indicated that the associations between GNC and PSU differed between males and females, with a significant association observed only among male students (Β = 1.91, 95% CI = 0.97–2.86).Discussion and conclusionsGNC is positively associated with the severity of PSU and PIU among Chinese adolescents, with male gender-nonconforming adolescents being more vulnerable to PSU. These results highlight the importance of implementing education on gender expression diversity in schools to create an inclusive school environment, which may potentially help prevent PSU and PIU among gender-nonconforming adolescents.

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Social Overview of Smartphone Use by Teenagers

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Smartphone Use Across Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression

Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Smartphone Use Across Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression

Association between smartphone overdependence and mental health in South Korean adolescents: a secondary data analysis

Nonconforming gender expression and associated problematic smartphone and internet use among Chinese adolescents

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