Social Perspective Taking Accuracy Measure

Gehlbach, Hunter; Brinkworth, Maureen E.; Harris, Anna

doi:10.1037/t39232-000

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…For this reason, perspectivetaking and role playing have played central roles in violence prevention efforts-including programs such as the "Green Dot" (Coker et al, 2017) and "Bringing in the Bystander" (Banyard et al, 2007;Edwards et al, 2019). However, perspective-taking is a controlled, effortful process that requires substantial cognitive resources and can be challenging for individuals who may be mentally fatigued or lack the motivation to invest the effort (Klein and Hodges, 2001;Gehlbach et al, 2012). Furthermore, engaging in role-playing without contextual details of the violent event (e.g., where the event took place, the ambient sounds, who was there) may be insufficient in delivering the urgency or gravity of the situation and individuals are likely to perceive the role-playing exercise as a mere formality (Jouriles et al, 2009(Jouriles et al, , 2011.…”

Section: Embodying Experiences Of Victims Perpetrators and Bystandersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paradox of Interactive Media: The Potential for Video Games and Virtual Reality as Tools for Violence Prevention

2020

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Interactive media such as video games and virtual reality (VR) provide users with lived experiences that may be dangerous or even impossible in daily life. By providing interactive experiences in highly authentic, detail-rich contexts, these technologies have demonstrated measurable success in impacting how people think, feel, and behave in the physical world. At the same time, violent interactive media content has been historically connected with a range of antisocial effects in both popular press and academic research. Extant literature has established a small-but-statistically significant effect of interactive media violence on aggressive thoughts and behaviors, which could serve as a risk factor for interpersonal violence. However, left unexplored is the seemingly paradoxical claim that under some conditions, interactive media experiences might protect against interpersonal violence. Drawing on advances in media theory and research and the evolution of interactive media content and production practices, the current manuscript suggests ways in which interactive media violence may be leveraged to lower the likelihood of real-world violence experiences. For example, research on both violent and non-violent games has found that players can (a) express guilt after committing violent acts, (b) report reflective and introspective emotional reactions during gameplay, and (c) debate the morality of their actions with others. Regarding VR, studies have demonstrated that (a) witnessing physical violence in immersive spaces led participants to take the perspective of victims and better understand their emotional state and (b) controlled exposure to traumatic or violent events can be used for treatment. Broadly, studies into video games and VR demonstrate that the impact of actions in virtual worlds transfer into the physical worlds to influence (later) attitudes and behaviors. Thus, how these experiences may be potentially harnessed for social change is a compelling and open consideration, as are side-effects of such interventions on vulnerable groups. The current manuscript summarizes emerging research perspectives (as well as their limitations) to offer insight into the potential for interactive media violence to protect against real-world violence victimization and perpetration.

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Section: Embodying Experiences Of Victims Perpetrators and Bystandersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paradox of Interactive Media: The Potential for Video Games and Virtual Reality as Tools for Violence Prevention

2020

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“…Researchers have established the importance of SPT through a wide array of scholarship. Many studies address SPT's role in affecting a range of relationships: marriages (Long & Andrews, 1990;Verhofstadt et al, 2008), those involving employees (Williams et al, 2007), between teachers and students (Gehlbach, Brinkworth, & Harris, 2012), and across members of in-groups and out-groups (Galinsky & Moskowitz, 2000;Mooijman & Stern, 2016). Others cite the role of SPT in shaping behaviors including prosocial acts (Eisenberg, 1991), compromise (Trötschel et al, 2011), learning (Cigala, 2015;Mouw et al, 2020), aggression (Richardson et al, 1998), and discrimination (Todd et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

How We Understand Others: A Theory of How Social Perspective Taking Unfolds

Gehlbach

2023

Review of General Psychology

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Social perspective taking—the process through which perceivers discern the thoughts, feelings, and motivations of a target—is foundational for navigating social interactions, building relationships, maintaining mental health, promoting well-being, and a wide array of other desired outcomes. Despite its importance, little is known about how discrete social perspective taking attempts unfold. We propose a theory that the social perspective taking process consists of up to four distinguishable phases: perception of the target, motivation to engage in social perspective taking, strategy selection, and evaluation of the attempt. Scholars have emphasized two proximal outcomes of this process—social perspective taking effort and accuracy. We review the literature in support of these phases, noting the relative maturity of each area of research. In doing so, we hope this theory provides a framework for contextualizing how existing studies relate to one another across different subfields of psychology, facilitates testable predictions, prioritizes future investigations, and guides applied research designed to improve real-world social perspective taking.

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“…Researchers have established the importance of SPT through a wide array of scholarship, including its impact on scores of outcomes. Many studies address SPT's role affecting a range of relationships: marriages (Long & Andrews, 1990;Verhofstadt et al, 2008), among employees (Williams et al, 2007), between teachers and students (Gehlbach, Brinkworth, & Harris, 2012), and across members of in-groups and out-groups (Galinsky & Moskowitz, 2000;Mooijman, 2016). Others cite the role of SPT in shaping behaviors such as aggression (Richardson et al, 1998), compromise (Trötschel et al, 2011), learning (Cigala, 2015), cooperative learning behaviors (Mouw et al, 2020), and discrimination (Todd et al, 2011), as well as influencing how ethical those behaviors might be (Pierce et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

How We Understand Others: A Theory of How Social Perspective Taking Unfolds

Gehlbach¹,

Ma²

2022

Preprint

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Arguably, social perspective taking—the process through which perceivers discern the thoughts, feelings, and motivations of a target—facilitates interpersonal interactions more than any other human capacity. Thus, this capacity is foundational for relationships, mental health and well-being, behaviors, and much more. Despite its importance to the human experience and substantial research into its precursors and outcomes, little is known about the social perspective taking process itself. How does a social perspective taking attempt actually unfold? We pArguably, social perspective taking—the process through which perceivers discern the thoughts, feelings, and motivations of a target—facilitates interpersonal interactions more than any other human capacity. Thus, this capacity is foundational for relationships, mental health and well-being, behaviors, and much more. Despite its importance to the human experience and substantial research into its precursors and outcomes, little is known about the social perspective taking process itself. How does a social perspective taking attempt actually unfold? We propose that perceivers engage in a process consisting of up to four phases: perception of the target, motivation to engage in social perspective taking, strategy selection, and evaluation of their attempt. Scholars have emphasized two primary outcomes of this process—social perspective taking effort and accuracy. We review the literature in support of these phases, noting the relative maturity of each contributing line of research. In doing so we hope to provide a framework for understanding how existing studies relate to one another, prioritize future investigations, and offer preliminary thoughts into which parts of the process might be most promising for research aimed at improving social perspective taking.ropose that perceivers engage in a process consisting of up to four phases: perception of the target, motivation to engage in social perspective taking, strategy selection, and evaluation of their attempt. Scholars have emphasized two primary outcomes of this process—social perspective taking effort and accuracy. We review the literature in support of these phases, noting the relative maturity of each contributing line of research. In doing so we hope to provide a framework for understanding how existing studies relate to one another, prioritize future investigations, and offer preliminary thoughts into which parts of the process might be most promising for research aimed at improving social perspective taking.

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Social Perspective Taking Accuracy Measure

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The Paradox of Interactive Media: The Potential for Video Games and Virtual Reality as Tools for Violence Prevention

The Paradox of Interactive Media: The Potential for Video Games and Virtual Reality as Tools for Violence Prevention

How We Understand Others: A Theory of How Social Perspective Taking Unfolds

How We Understand Others: A Theory of How Social Perspective Taking Unfolds

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