Social play in juvenile rats: A decade of methodological and experimental research

Thor, Donald H.; Holloway, William R.

doi:10.1016/0149-7634(84)90004-6

Cited by 163 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…These findings contrast with data from Johnston and File [14] who found that hooded Lister female rats did not increase their social activity when examined in a familiar test situation. Similarly, whereas we observed comparable levels of play fighting in adolescent males and females, some sex differences in components of social interactions have been reported previously among adolescents [21,25,26,32,33], with adolescent males, for instance, engaging in more play fighting [32,33]. Although no main effects or interactions involving sex emerged in overall ANOVAs for each measure of social behavior, social motivation, and locomotor activity, it is possible that the pronounced effects of housing conditions, test situation, and age, as well as interactions of these three factors could have masked possible sex-related differences.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

“…The frequency of a number of social activities [17,32,35,39] of each test subject was analyzed from the video recordings. Social investigation was defined as the sniffing of any part of the body of the partner.…”

Section: Behavioral Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies also used only an overall measure of social behavior (i.e., overall time spent in social interactions), even though the elementary behavioral acts summed together for these assessments (e.g., sniffing, grooming, chasing, following, crawling under or over, nape attacks, boxing, and wrestling) reflect separable and differentially regulated forms of interactive social behaviors that include social investigation, contact behavior, and play fighting. Each of these forms of social activity has a distinct ethological and ontogenetic pattern [17,20,32,35,39] and is affected differentially by drug treatments [1,29,35]. For instance, the ontogeny of play fighting demonstrates an inverted U-shaped pattern, with a peak being observed around P30-35 [18,19,20,35,39], whereas social investigation is more pronounced in adult than adolescent animals [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social interactions in adolescent and adult Sprague–Dawley rats: Impact of social deprivation and test context familiarity

Varlinskaya

Spear

2008

Behavioural Brain Research

190

161

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Interactions with peers become particularly important during adolescence, and age differences in social interactions have been successfully modeled in rats. To determine the impact of social deprivation on social interactions under anxiogenic (unfamiliar) or non-anxiogenic (familiar) test circumstances during ontogeny, the present study used a modified social interaction test to assess the effects of 5 days of social isolation or group housing on different components of social behavior in early [postnatal day (P) 28], mid (P35), or late (P42) adolescent and adult (P70) male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. As expected, testing in an unfamiliar environment suppressed social interactions regardless of age, housing, and sex. Social deprivation drastically enhanced all forms of social behavior in P28 animals regardless of test situation, whereas depriving older animals of social interactions had more modest effects and was restricted predominantly to play fighting-an adolescent-characteristic form of social interactions. Social investigation-more adult-typical form of social behavior was relatively resistant to isolation-induced enhancement and was elevated in early adolescent isolates only. These findings confirm that different forms of social behavior are differentially sensitive to social deprivation across ontogeny.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

Section: Behavioral Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social interactions in adolescent and adult Sprague–Dawley rats: Impact of social deprivation and test context familiarity

Varlinskaya

Spear

2008

Behavioural Brain Research

190

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In rats, play fighting, also called rough-and-tumble play, peaks between postnatal days 30-40 (Thor and Holloway, 1984), and occurs more frequently in males than females (Olioff and Stewart, 1978;Pellis and Pellis, 1990). Play fighting is decreased in male rats castrated at birth and its frequency begins to decline at the onset of puberty (Beatty et al, 1981;Meaney, 1988;Pellis and Pellis, 1990).…”

Section: Play Fighting and Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of androgen receptors in the masculinization of brain and behavior: What we've learned from the testicular feminization mutation

Zuloaga

Puts

Jordan

et al. 2008

Hormones and Behavior

213

156

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Many studies demonstrate that exposure to testicular steroids such as testosterone early in life masculinizes the developing brain, leading to permanent changes in behavior. Traditionally, masculinization of the rodent brain is believed to depend on estrogen receptors (ERs) and not androgen receptors (ARs). According to the aromatization hypothesis, circulating testosterone from the testes is converted locally in the brain by aromatase to estrogens, which then activate ERs to masculinize the brain. However, an emerging body of evidence indicates that the aromatization hypothesis cannot fully account for sex differences in brain morphology and behavior, and that androgens acting on ARs also play a role. The testicular feminization mutation (Tfm) in rodents, which produces a nonfunctional AR protein, provides an excellent model to probe the role of ARs in the development of brain and behavior. Tfm rodent models indicate that ARs are normally involved in the masculinization of many sexually dimorphic brain regions and a variety of behaviors, including sexual behaviors, stress response and cognitive processing. We review the role of ARs in the development of the brain and behavior, with an emphasis on what has been learned from Tfm rodents as well as from related mutations in humans causing complete androgen insensitivity. Keywordscomplete androgen insensitivity syndrome -CAIS; vasopressin; anxiety; spatial memory; bed nucleus; medial amygdala; SDN-POA; sexual behavior; aggression; VMH Exposure to testicular steroids such as testosterone (T) early in life masculinizes the developing brain, leading to permanent changes in behavior in a wide variety of animal models (Morris et al., 2004). According to the aromatization hypothesis, T is converted by aromatase into 17-β estradiol (E2), which then acts on estrogen receptors (ERs) to masculinize the brain (Naftolin et al., 1975). Traditionally, aromatization is believed to be the mechanism by which the rodent brain becomes masculinized and defeminized. Some sexually dimorphic regions within the hypothalamus adhere well to this hypothesis, including the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV). T spares neuronsCorresponding author: Damian Zuloaga, Neuroscience Program, 108 Giltner Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, Phone: Fax: (517) 432-2744, Email: E-mail: zuloagad@msu.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript from death in the SDN-POA...

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“…The frequency of a number of social activities from the ethogram of each test subject was analyzed from the video recordings [36,38]. Overall social activity was scored as the sum of the frequencies of the following social behaviors: social investigation (sniffing of any part of the body of the partner), contact (crawling over and under the partner and social grooming), and play behavior (pouncing or playful nape attack, chasing, and pinning).…”

Section: Behavioral Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic tolerance to the social consequences of ethanol in adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats

Varlinskaya

Spear

2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Social play in juvenile rats: A decade of methodological and experimental research

Cited by 163 publications

References 74 publications

Social interactions in adolescent and adult Sprague–Dawley rats: Impact of social deprivation and test context familiarity

Social interactions in adolescent and adult Sprague–Dawley rats: Impact of social deprivation and test context familiarity

The role of androgen receptors in the masculinization of brain and behavior: What we've learned from the testicular feminization mutation

Chronic tolerance to the social consequences of ethanol in adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats

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