New applications enabled by personal smart devices and the Internetof-Things (IoT) require communication in the context of periods of spatial co-location. Examples of this encounter-based communication (EbC) include social exchange among individuals who shared an experience, and interaction among personal and IoT devices that provide location-based services. Existing EbC systems are limited to communication among participants that share a direct encounter. This paper is inspired by two insights: (1) encounters also enable group communication among devices connected by paths in the encounter graph that is contextual, spontaneous, secure, and does not require users to reveal identifying or linkable information; and (2) addressing communication partners using encounter closures subject to causal, spatial, and temporal constraints enables powerful new forms of group communication.We present the design of enClosure, a service providing group communication based on encounter closures for mobile and IoT applications, and a prototype implementation for Android and the Microsoft Embedded Social Cloud platform. Using real-world traces, we show that enClosure provides a privacy-preserving, secure platform for a wide range of group communication applications ranging from connecting attendees of a large event and virtual guest books to disseminating health risk warnings, lost-and-found, and tracing missing persons.
CCS CONCEPTS• Security and privacy → Pseudonymity, anonymity and untraceability; Privacy-preserving protocols; Social network security and privacy; • Human-centered computing → Ubiquitous and mobile computing systems and tools. , Seoul, Korea users who shared an experience like a large event or journey; communication among users and stationary devices in their wider vicinity; virtual guest book and context-based recommendation services; lost-and-found services; targeted dissemination of health risk warnings; and even aid in the investigation of missing person cases. Users can retain the opportunity to participate in these forms of communication in a privacy-preserving manner, i.e., without disclosing their identity, whereabouts, or linkable information, merely by running the enClosure service in the background. enClosure differs fundamentally from existing forms of group communication. Unlike in conventional address-based group communication, users need not exchange individual addresses or agree on a group address. Unlike in publish-subscribe services, users need not agree on a topic ontology or reveal their interests. Unlike in Web-based location services like Foursquare, Facebook Places, or Google Latitude, users need not disclose their identities, whereabouts, social connections, and communication to a third party. With enClosure, users address intended receivers via encounter closures with causal, temporal, and spatial constraints. This form of addressing gives enClosure unique expressive power to name communication partners, without requiring users to reveal upfront their interests, contact details, or other l...