Social Rank and Darwinian Fitness in a Multimale Group of Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvana Linnaeus, 1758)

Witt, Ryan R.; Schmidt, Christina; Schmitt, J.

doi:10.1159/000155996

Cited by 54 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The model did account for the known features: leveling coalitions involve mid-to low-ranking males who target a high-ranking, often topranking, male. The model also predicts (and this was not Witt and Schmidt (1981) yet known before it was developed) that leveling coalitions occur in lower b situations. Table 4 shows these values, and documents that this prediction also holds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

A model for within-group coalitionary aggression among males

Schaik

Pandit

Vogel

2004

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Perhaps the most common form of cooperation among primates is the formation of coalitions. Competition among males within a group concerns a constant quantity of the limiting resource (fertilizations). Contest competition over fertilizations is known to produce payoffs that are distributed according to the priority-of-access model, and hence show an exponential decline in payoff with rank. We develop a model for rank-changing, withingroup coalitions among primate males. For these coalitions to occur, they must be both profitable (i.e. improve fitness) for all coalition members and feasible (i.e. be able to beat the targets). We assume that the value of the coalition is the sum of the payoffs of the partners in their original ranks. We distinguish three basic coalition configurations, depending on the dominance ranks of the coalition partners relative to their target. We predict five basic coalition types. First, all-up, rank-changing coalitions targeting individuals ranking above all coalition partners; these are expected to involve coalition partners ranking just below their target, concern top rank, and be small, just two or three animals. Second, bridging, rankchanging coalitions, where higher-rankers support lowerrankers to rise to a rank below themselves; these are expected to be most common where a high-ranking male in a despotic system can support a low-ranking relative.Third, bridging non-rank-changing coalitions; these are expected to be common whenever high-ranking males have low-ranking close relatives. Fourth, non-rankchanging coalitions by high-rankers against lower-ranking targets; these are expected to serve to counteract or prevent the first type. Fifth, non-rank-changing, leveling coalitions, in which all partners rank below their target and which flatten the payoff distribution; these are expected to be large and mainly involve lower-ranking males. Bridging, rank-changing coalitions are expected in situations where contest is strong, all-up rank-changing coalitions where contest is intermediate, and leveling coalitions where contest is weak. We review the empirical patterns found among primates. The strong predictions of the model are confirmed by observational data on malemale coalitions in primates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

A model for within-group coalitionary aggression among males

Schaik

Pandit

Vogel

2004

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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“…Although Taub could not determine whether the females conceived during his observation period, he drew farreaching conclusions from his observations on the species' mating system, variance of male reproductive success, and on other as pects of social behavior. Another study on male reproductive success in Barbary ma caques, using serological methods, was car ried out by Witt et al [1981] on a small zoo group. They assumed a positive correlation between male's rank and reproductive suc cess, although in the majority of cases an infant's father could not be determined defi nitely by genetic markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Reproductive Characteristics in Semifree-Ranging Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus L. 1758)

Küster¹,

Paul²

1984

IJFP

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Mating activities in a group of 178 Barbary macaques were studied during the breeding season 1982/83. Copulations were observed between the middle of August and the end of March. More than 80% of all copulations were recorded from October to December. Number of estrous periods ranged from 1 to 5, most females (67%) had 2 estrous periods. Most females (87%) conceived during the first estrus. Postconceptional bleedings and 1 postconceptional estrus were observed regularly. Mean interval between the end of conceptional estrus and the end of postconceptional estrus was 28 days. Mean interval between the end of conceptional estrus and the onset of bleeding was 18.2 days. Conception rate was 79%. Conceptions occurred between the end of September and the middle of February. Most females (60%) conceived between the middle of November and the middle of December. Mean gestation length for a viable infant was 164.7 days. Consequences of the strong breeding seasonality are discussed.

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“…However, it is not known how much of this variance is explained by rank differences. Similarly, an early report claiming an association between male rank and "Darwinian fitness' in a small zoo group of Barbary macaques [36] was, in fact, unsupported. In this group, the only 2 adult males frequently switched ranks and sired similar numbers of offspring, especially when a de facto 1 -male situation (due to the expulsion of the other male from the enclosure) is taken into account.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding Seasonality Affects the Association between Dominance and Reproductive Success in Non-Human Male Primates

Paul

1997

IJFP

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Social Rank and Darwinian Fitness in a Multimale Group of Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvana Linnaeus, 1758)

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

A model for within-group coalitionary aggression among males

A model for within-group coalitionary aggression among males

Female Reproductive Characteristics in Semifree-Ranging Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus L. 1758)

Breeding Seasonality Affects the Association between Dominance and Reproductive Success in Non-Human Male Primates

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