Social relationships among adult male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): variation in the strength and quality of social bonds

Bray, Joel; Gilby, Ian C.

doi:10.1007/s00265-020-02892-3

Cited by 68 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The effect of the number of strong association ties was independent of the effect of the amount of time males spent with other group members in general. This supports the idea that, in species with high fission-fusion social dynamics ( Aureli et al., 2008 ), association preferences are important measures of social bonds ( Bray et al., in press ; Bray and Gilby, 2020 ; Gilby and Wrangham, 2008 ). Indeed, dyads with stronger association ties were more likely to form coalitions, indicating that leverage derived from close relationships likely provides a short-term strategy linking social bonds with reproductive success via coalition formation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Social bonds provide multiple pathways to reproductive success in wild male chimpanzees

et al. 2021

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Summary In most male mammals, fitness is strongly shaped by competitive access to mates, a non-shareable resource. How, then, did selection favor the evolution of cooperative social bonds? We used behavioral and genetic data on wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, to study the mechanisms by which male-male social bonds increase reproductive success. Social bonds increased fitness in several ways: first, subordinate males that formed strong bonds with the alpha male had higher siring success. Independently, males with larger networks of strong bonds had higher siring success. In the short term, bonds predicted coalition formation and centrality in the coalition network, suggesting that males benefit from being potential allies to numerous male rivals. In the long term, male ties influenced fitness via improved dominance rank for males that attain alpha status. Together, these results suggest that male bonds evolved in chimpanzees by affording both short- and long-term pathways to reproductive success.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Social bonds provide multiple pathways to reproductive success in wild male chimpanzees

et al. 2021

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“…6 6 There are a number of animal populations with available long‐term life‐history datasets worldwide. Examples of these are a meerkat ( Suricata suricatta ) population that has been monitored in South Africa since 1993 (Kranstauber et al, 2020; The Kalahari Meerkat Project, 2021), booted eagles ( Hieraaetus pennatus ) in Spain since 1998 (Jiménez‐Franco et al, 2020), great tits ( Parus major ) (The Wytham Tit Project, 2016) and red deers ( Cervus elaphus ) (Isle of Rum red deer Project, 2021) in Great Britain since 1947 and 1972, respectively, chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) in Tanzania since 1960 (Bray & Gilby, 2020), banded mongooses ( Mungos mungo ) in Uganda since 1995 (Banded Mongoose Research Project, 2016; Vitikainen et al, 2019), and mountain goats and bighorn sheep in Canada since the early 1980s (Festa‐Bianchet et al, 2019). …”

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confidence: 99%

The impacts of heat stress on animal cognition: Implications for adaptation to a changing climate

Soravia

Ashton

Thornton

et al. 2021

WIREs Climate Change

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With global surface air temperature rising rapidly, extensive research effort has been dedicated to assessing the consequences of this change for wildlife. While impacts on the phenology, distribution, and demography of wild animal populations are well documented, the impact of increasing temperature on cognition in these populations has received relatively little attention. Cognition encompasses the mental mechanisms that allow individuals to process information from the surrounding environment, respond accordingly, and flexibly adjust behavior. Hence, it is likely to be a key factor in allowing animals to adjust adaptively to climate change. Captive studies show that heat stress can negatively affect cognitive performance not only in the short‐term but also in the long‐term, by altering cognitive development at early life stages. Field studies indicate that cognitive performance may affect survival and reproductive success. However, the link between heat stress, cognition, and fitness in wild animals has yet to be formally established. We propose a comprehensive research framework for the collection of robust empirical datasets on heat stress and cognitive performance in the wild. We then suggest how knowledge of heat stress impacts on cognitive performance could be applied to population viability models and wildlife management actions. We believe that a joint research effort encompassing the fields of thermal physiology, behavioral ecology, comparative cognition, and conservation science, is essential to provide timely mitigation measures against the potential impacts of climate change on wildlife. This article is categorized under: Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Observed Ecological Changes

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“…Adult chimpanzees exhibit long-term consistency in their social behavior (such as consolatory behavior [Webb et al, 2017]) even when controlling for seasonal, demographic, and temporal changes [Tkaczynski et al, 2020]. Adult chimpanzees also exhibit long-term stability in both male and female social bonds [Pusey and Schroepfer-Walker, 2013;Bray and Gilby, 2020]. The results of the current study suggest that chimpanzees exhibit long-term stability in facial and gestural communication as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

A Comparison of Focal and Opportunistic Sampling Methods when Studying Chimpanzee Facial and Gestural Communication

Florkiewicz¹,

Campbell²

2021

IJFP

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Researchers frequently use focal individual sampling to study primate communication. Recent studies of primate gestures have shown that opportunistic sampling offers benefits not found in focal individual sampling, such as the collection of larger sample sizes. What is not known is whether the opportunistic method is biased towards certain signal types or signalers. Our goal was to assess the validity of the opportunistic method by comparing focal individual sampling to opportunistic sampling of facial and gestural communication in a group of captive chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>). We compared: (1) the number of observed facial and gestural signals per signal type and (2) the number of observed facial and gestural signals produced by each signaler. Both methods identified facial signals, gesture signals, and gesture signalers at similar relative rates, but the opportunistic sampling method yielded a more even distribution of signalers and signal types than the focal individual sampling method. In addition, the opportunistic sampling method resulted in larger sample sizes for both facial and gestural communication. However, the opportunistic method did not allow us to calculate the signals per time for each individual, which is easily done with the focal individual method. These results suggest that the opportunistic sampling method is (1) comparable to the focal individual sampling method in multiple important measures, (2) associated with additional sampling benefits, and (3) limited in measuring some variables. Thus, we recommend that future studies use a mixed-methods approach, as focal individual and opportunistic sampling have distinct strengths that complement each other’s limitations.

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Social relationships among adult male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): variation in the strength and quality of social bonds

Cited by 68 publications

References 112 publications

Social bonds provide multiple pathways to reproductive success in wild male chimpanzees

Social bonds provide multiple pathways to reproductive success in wild male chimpanzees

The impacts of heat stress on animal cognition: Implications for adaptation to a changing climate

A Comparison of Focal and Opportunistic Sampling Methods when Studying Chimpanzee Facial and Gestural Communication

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