Social Relationships and Health.

Cohen, Sheldon

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.8.676

Cited by 3,858 publications

(3,241 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In turn, lack of social support and low self-esteem engender negative emotions, cognitions, and behaviors (Cohen, Gottlieb, & Underwood, 2000;Sedikides & Gregg, 2003). Based on the above, we hypothesize that unemployment will influence neuroticism.…”

Section: H1: the Experience Of Unemployment (Relative To Employment)mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Work, like many normative life events, can have a crucial socialization influence (Roberts, 1997). The ability to interact socially, convey ideas, and make compromises are typical aspects of day-to-day activities within the workplace (Cohen, Gottlieb, & Underwood, 2000). Hence, the experience of unemployment may thwart the expression of socially-oriented personality traits.…”

Section: H2: the Experience Of Unemployment (Relative To Employment)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality change following unemployment.

Boyce

Wood

Daly

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Psychology

179

121

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Unemployment has a strongly negative influence on well-being, but it is unclear whether it also alters basic personality traits. Whether personality changes arise through natural maturation processes or contextual/environmental factors is still a matter of debate. Unemployment, a relatively unexpected and commonly occurring life event, may shed light on the relevance of context for personality change. We examined, using a latent change model, the influence of unemployment on the five-factor model of personality in a sample of 6,769 German adults, who completed personality measures at 2 time points 4 years apart. All participants were employed at the first time point, and a subset became unemployed over the course of the study. By the second time point, participants had either remained in employment, been unemployed from 1 to 4 years, or had experienced some unemployment but become reemployed. Compared with those who had remained in employment, unemployed men and women experienced significant patterns of change in their mean levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness, whereas reemployed individuals experienced limited change. The results indicate that unemployment has wider psychological implications than previously thought. In addition, the results are consistent with the view that personality changes as a function of contextual and environmental factors.

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Section: H1: the Experience Of Unemployment (Relative To Employment)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: H2: the Experience Of Unemployment (Relative To Employment)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality change following unemployment.

Boyce

Wood

Daly

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Psychology

179

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We then review the literature on the link between the presence of social partners and affect in the present moment. A substantial body of research has Social Partners and Affect in the Oldest-Old 5 examined the long-term structure of social relationships and their associated outcomes (Cohen, 2004). Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA; Giles, Glonek, Luszcz, & Andrews, 2005) showed that specific social network types differentially predicted mortality in older adults.…”

Section: Long-term Structure and Outcomes In Social Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social partners and momentary affect in the oldest-old: The presence of others benefits affect depending on who we are and who we are with.

Chui¹,

Hoppmann²,

Gerstorf³

et al. 2014

Developmental Psychology

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There are well-documented links between social relationships and emotional well-being in old age, but little is known about daily life fluctuations in momentary affective experiences of the oldest-old while interacting with specific social partners. We examined associations between the presence of different types of social partners and moment-to-moment fluctuations in affect in the oldest-old, taking into account individual differences in gender, neuroticism, depressive symptoms, chronic health conditions, and loneliness. Participants (N = 74, M age = 88.7 years, range = 84 -102 years, 68% women) provided self-reports concurrently on the presence of social partners and subjective affective states six times a day for each of seven consecutive days (3,071 occasions, in total). Relative to being with other people, time spent alone was associated with lower positive affect in the oldest-old. Being with other family members and friends was associated with more positive affective experiences. Compared to men, women reported more negative affective experiences when they were with their spouses than when their spouses were not present. Individuals with more chronic health problems reported more negative affective experiences when they were with their spouses than not. Participants higher in neuroticism reported more positive affective experiences when they were with their friends, compared to times when their friends were not present. Finally, lonelier individuals reported more positive affective experiences when they were with their spouses than not. These findings suggest that affective experience is a function of individual differences and the type of social partners oldestold adults interact with in everyday life. We discuss how our findings can be generalized to oldest-olds of different marital statuses taking into account the proportion of widows in our sample as well as measurement specifics.

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“…Psychological resilience is therefore both a dynamic process and an outcome that results from individuals being able to interact with their environments to promote mental well-being or protect themselves against the influence of adverse risk factors [20]. In the context of social support, psychological resilience entails the ability to harness key supportive resources, which may be emotional, informational or practical in nature, in order to sustain well-being [21,22]. The outcome of resilience is therefore the result of cumulative protective factors effectively countering cumulative risk factors that an individual is exposed to [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social support factors associated with psychological resilience among women survivors of intimate partner violence in Gauteng, South Africa

Machisa

Christofides

Jewkes

2018

Global Health Action

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Background: Women’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) increase their risk for mental ill health. However, some women exposed to IPV and adversity are psychologically resilient and function well despite these exposures. Objectives: We conducted a study to investigate the factors that are associated with psychological resilience among abused women, using data collected in a household survey conducted in Gauteng province of South Africa. Methods: Data is from a cross-sectional study. A multi-stage random sampling approach was used to select a sample of 501 women. The World Health Organization (WHO) Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Questionnaire was used to measure lifetime experience of physical and sexual IPV. Only 189 women who had experienced lifetime IPV were included in this secondary analysis. Resilience was measured as scoring below the threshold for the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Other explanatory factors measured included child sexual abuse, non-partner rape, other traumatic life events, social support indicators, binge drinking and socio-demographic variables. Multivariable regression analysis was used to test factors associated with resilience. Results: Forty two percent of women scored below the threshold for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depressive symptoms at the time of the survey and so were categorized as resilient. Social support indicators were associated with increased resilience. Women who perceived that their communities were supportive and they would easily find money in an emergency were more likely to be resilient. Women who binge drank, experienced severe IPV in the past 12 months, received negative reactions to disclosure and utilized medical or psychosocial services were less likely to be resilient. Conclusion: Social support indicators including social connectedness, stronger network ties and perceived supportive communities are key factors in fostering resilience among abused women. Interventions should aim to promote stronger and supportive social networks and increase women’s utilization of formal support services.

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Social Relationships and Health.

Cited by 3,858 publications

References 38 publications

Personality change following unemployment.

Personality change following unemployment.

Social partners and momentary affect in the oldest-old: The presence of others benefits affect depending on who we are and who we are with.

Social support factors associated with psychological resilience among women survivors of intimate partner violence in Gauteng, South Africa

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