“…A symptom in the present study, as in earlier studies (Phillips & Rabinovitch, 1958;Zigler & Phillips, 1960), refers to the description of a patient's behavior by a psychiatrist at the time of initial institutional contact, or the description of behavior presented by referring physicians as the primary reason for hospitalization. The symptoms include specific actions, for example, assault; general behavior patterns, for example, irresponsible behavior; thoughts, for example, sexual preoccupations; somatic reactions, for example, headaches; and general affect states, for example, being tense.…”