Social science research on trial: Use of sex stereotyping research in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins..

Fiske, Susan T.; Bersoff, Donald N.; Borgida, Eugene; Deaux, Kay; Heilman, Madeline E.

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.46.10.1049

Cited by 297 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Burgess and Borgida (1999) provided an insightful analysis of the relation of gender stereotyping to such cases, the most famous of which is Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1987Hopkins ( , 1989. This case pertained to Ann Hopkins, a woman who approached her work at a large accounting firm with a forthright, agentic style (S. T. Fiske, Bersoff, Borgida, Deaux, & Heilman, 1991). Although her task competence was acknowledged, she was denied partnership essentially on the basis of her lack of conformity to the female gender role.…”

Section: Goldberg-paradigm Experiments On Evaluations Of Leadersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.

Eagly¹,

Karau²

2002

Psychological Review

4,876

257

5,712

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A role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders proposes that perceived incongruity between the female gender role and leadership roles leads to 2 forms of prejudice: (a) perceiving women less favorably than men as potential occupants of leadership roles and (b) evaluating behavior that fulfills the prescriptions of a leader role less favorably when it is enacted by a woman. One consequence is that attitudes are less positive toward female than male leaders and potential leaders. Other consequences are that it is more difficult for women to become leaders and to achieve success in leadership roles. Evidence from varied research paradigms substantiates that these consequences occur, especially in situations that heighten perceptions of incongruity between the female gender role and leadership roles. Role Congruity Theory: How Gender Roles and LeaderRoles Produce Two Types of PrejudiceIn general, prejudice can arise from the relations that people perceive between the characteristics of members of a social group

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Section: Goldberg-paradigm Experiments On Evaluations Of Leadersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.

Eagly¹,

Karau²

2002

Psychological Review

4,876

257

5,712

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The occurrence of cultural constraints in the form of gender bias based on stereotypes is a well documented phenomenon and has even been acknowledged in legal procedures in the USA (Fiske et al 1991). Policy measures that fit in with this perspective, like gender and diversity training, are intended to change the behavior of managers who are responsible for the hiring and selecting process or for promotions.…”

Section: Cultural Perspective and Related Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender diversity policies in universities: a multi-perspective framework of policy measures

2009

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Are policies to increase women's share among university professors effective? The importance of gender equality on the labor market has been well established, but our understanding of what kind of policy is effective to increase the share of women is still unclear. Three sets of factors explain women's low shares at higher job levels, notably individual, cultural, and structural or institutional perspectives, and policies to increase the proportion of women therefore should address these factors. This paper aims to investigate if they do so and if they are effective. We investigated the efficacy of gender equality policy measures in all 14 universities in the Netherlands, implemented between 2000 and 2007. Based on documents and interviews, 19 measures were identified that could be classified according to the three perspectives. The university with the most measures applied four times more measures than the one with the least measures. The more measures a university applied in the cultural perspective, the more likely it also applied measures in the other two perspectives. Whereas the HR managers and policy makers at universities reported skepticism and lack of evaluations, our study reveals a positive relationship between policy measures and the reduction of the glass ceiling and between policies in the cultural perspective and the increase of the proportion of women among professors.

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“…Second, the fact that there are rewards built into the system of sexual objectification for women is well-known, insofar as womenÕs social, economic, and legal outcomes hinge upon their physical appearance to a much greater degree than menÕs do (Bartky, 1990;Fiske, Bersoff, Borgida, Deaux, & Heilman, 1991;Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997;Jeffreys, 2005;Wolf, 1994).…”

Section: Demonstrated That Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

On Objects and Actions: Situating Self-Objectification in a System Justification Context

Calogero

2013

Nebraska Symposium on Motivation

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Integrating objectification and system justification perspectives, this chapter offers a conception of self-objectification as a dominant cultural lens through which women come to view themselves that garners their compliance in the sexist status quo. This chapter begins with an overview of objectification theory (Fredrickson and Roberts 1997) and system justification theory (Jost and Banaji, 1994). Then, an integration of the two perspectives is presented that situates self-objectification in a system justification context, extending the scope of impact of self-objectification beyond the domains of body image and mental health. Empirical evidence is reviewed to demonstrate the direct and indirect ways that self-objectification works as a systemjustifying device for many women. For example, as a self-perspective that increases in response to benevolently sexist ideology or as a potential obstacle to taking collective action on behalf of women, self-objectification functions as a motivational and ideological force that rationalizes and legitimizes a gender role hierarchy. This developing program of research attempts to deepen our understanding of self-objectification and the broader system-level implications of this self-perspective. The chapter concludes with a discussion of potential next steps and a call for continued scientific inquiry into the broader functions of self-objectification.

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Social science research on trial: Use of sex stereotyping research in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins..

Cited by 297 publications

References 85 publications

Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.

Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.

Gender diversity policies in universities: a multi-perspective framework of policy measures

On Objects and Actions: Situating Self-Objectification in a System Justification Context

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