Social signaling via bioluminescent blinks determines nearest neighbor distance in schools of flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron

Jägers, Peter; Wagner, Louisa; Schütz, Robin; Mucke, Maximilian; Senen, Budiono; Limmon, Gino V.; Herlitze, Stefan; Hellinger, Jens

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85770-w

Cited by 8 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, these methods often reduce social cues to a single sensory modality, and care is required to provide the adequate cues needed for the test individual to respond socially to the stimulus. Even with knowledge from the literature regarding what cues are likely to be important in social interactions for that species, the extent of careful design and testing needed often justifies these studies being published in their own right (Landgraf et al ., 2016; Cattelan et al ., 2017; Jägers et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Measuring Individual Social Tendenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociability as a personality trait in animals: methods, causes and consequences

et al. 2021

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Within animal populations there is variation among individuals in their tendency to be social, where more sociable individuals associate more with other individuals. Consistent inter‐individual variation in ‘sociability’ is considered one of the major axes of personality variation in animals along with aggressiveness, activity, exploration and boldness. Not only is variation in sociability important in terms of animal personalities, but it holds particular significance for, and can be informed by, two other topics of major interest: social networks and collective behaviour. Further, knowledge of what generates inter‐individual variation in social behaviour also holds applied implications, such as understanding disorders of social behaviour in humans. In turn, research using non‐human animals in the genetics, neuroscience and physiology of these disorders can inform our understanding of sociability. For the first time, this review brings together insights across these areas of research, across animal taxa from primates to invertebrates, and across studies from both the laboratory and field. We show there are mixed results in whether and how sociability correlates with other major behavioural traits. Whether and in what direction these correlations are observed may differ with individual traits such as sex and body condition, as well as ecological conditions. A large body of evidence provides the proximate mechanisms for why individuals vary in their social tendency. Evidence exists for the importance of genes and their expression, chemical messengers, social interactions and the environment in determining an individual's social tendency, although the specifics vary with species and other variables such as age, and interactions amongst these proximate factors. Less well understood is how evolution can maintain consistent variation in social tendencies within populations. Shifts in the benefits and costs of social tendencies over time, as well as the social niche hypothesis, are currently the best supported theories for how variation in sociability can evolve and be maintained in populations. Increased exposure to infectious diseases is the best documented cost of a greater social tendency, and benefits include greater access to socially transmitted information. We also highlight that direct evidence for more sociable individuals being safer from predators is lacking. Variation in sociability is likely to have broad ecological consequences, but beyond its importance in the spread of infectious diseases, direct evidence is limited to a few examples related to dispersal and invasive species biology. Overall, our knowledge of inter‐individual variation in sociability is highly skewed towards the proximate mechanisms. Our review also demonstrates, however, that considering research from social networks and collective behaviour greatly enriches our understanding of sociability, highlighting the need for greater integration of these approaches into future animal personality research to address the imbalance in ou...

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Section: Measuring Individual Social Tendenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociability as a personality trait in animals: methods, causes and consequences

et al. 2021

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“…In summary, our results show that individuals of A. katoptron correlate directional changes and light organ occlusion during shoaling. This may suggest that bioluminescence in A. katoptron is important not only for intraspecific communication [40], but also might serve as a defensive mechanism.…”

Section: Notemigonus Crysoleucasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A. katoptron exhibit a downward rotation of the light-emitting surface to shield the bacteria’s continuous illumination [38]. By alternating light organ occlusion and exposure, individuals create distinct, context-dependent blink patterns, which have been shown to be involved in the localization of zooplankton [36], orientation towards conspecifics [39], and intraspecific communication [40]. Most bioluminescent fish species show adaptations in the visual systems e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between bioluminescent blinks and swimming behavior in the splitfin flashlight fishAnomalops katoptron

Jägers,

Frischmuth,

Herlitze

2024

Preprint

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The light organs of the splitfin flashlight fishAnomalops katoptronare necessary for schooling behavior, to determine nearest neighbor distance, and to feed on zooplankton under dim light conditions. Each behavior is coupled to context-dependent blink frequencies and can be regulated via mechanical occlusion of light organs. During shoaling in the laboratory individuals show moderate blink frequencies around 100 blinks per minute. In this study, we correlated bioluminescent blinks with the spatio-temporal dynamics of swimming profiles in three dimensions, using a stereoscopic, infrared camera system. Groups of flashlight fish showed intermediate levels of polarization and distances to the group centroid. Individuals showed higher swimming speeds and curved swimming profiles during light organ occlusion. The largest changes in swimming direction occurred when darkening the light organs. BeforeA. katoptronexposed light organs again, they adapted a nearly straight movement direction. Light organs create a strong contrast against the background. Therefore, a close combination of light signals and movement is crucial to the behavior ofA. katoptron.

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“…This is a passive mechanism that does not rely on active signals or any other mechanism that has probably evolved specifically for this purpose (although see Jägers et al . [ 55 ] for an example of active signalling in fish shoaling). By contrast, there are a variety of mechanisms that ants and bees use to transmit information to one another.…”

Section: Rapid Timescales (Typically Less Than 1 Second and Seconds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing literature on fish shoals and bird flocks suggests that the most widespread proximate mechanism for individuals responding to their near neighbours is copying the speed and direction of those near neighbours. This is a passive mechanism that does not rely on active signals or any other mechanism that has probably evolved specifically for this purpose (although see Jägers et al [55] for an example of active signalling in fish shoaling). By contrast, there are a variety of mechanisms that ants and bees use to transmit information to one another.…”

Section: Rapid Timescales (Typically Less Than 1 Second and Seconds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-scale review of the dynamics of collective behaviour: from rapid responses to ontogeny and evolution

Ioannou

Laskowski

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Collective behaviours, such as flocking in birds or decision making by bee colonies, are some of the most intriguing behavioural phenomena in the animal kingdom. The study of collective behaviour focuses on the interactions between individuals within groups, which typically occur over close ranges and short timescales, and how these interactions drive larger scale properties such as group size, information transfer within groups and group-level decision making. To date, however, most studies have focused on snapshots, typically studying collective behaviour over short timescales up to minutes or hours. However, being a biological trait, much longer timescales are important in animal collective behaviour, particularly how individuals change over their lifetime (the domain of developmental biology) and how individuals change from one generation to the next (the domain of evolutionary biology). Here, we give an overview of collective behaviour across timescales from the short to the long, illustrating how a full understanding of this behaviour in animals requires much more research attention on its developmental and evolutionary biology. Our review forms the prologue of this special issue, which addresses and pushes forward understanding the development and evolution of collective behaviour, encouraging a new direction for collective behaviour research. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Collective behaviour through time’.

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Social signaling via bioluminescent blinks determines nearest neighbor distance in schools of flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

Sociability as a personality trait in animals: methods, causes and consequences

Sociability as a personality trait in animals: methods, causes and consequences

Correlation between bioluminescent blinks and swimming behavior in the splitfin flashlight fishAnomalops katoptron

A multi-scale review of the dynamics of collective behaviour: from rapid responses to ontogeny and evolution

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