Social Status Among Peers: From Sociometric Attraction to Peer Acceptance to Perceived Popularity

Hymel, Shelley; Closson, Leanna M.; Caravita, Simona Carla Silvia; Vaillancourt, Tracy

doi:10.1002/9781444390933.ch20

Cited by 35 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…Income, occupation, intelligence, popularity, and prestige are commonly used to assess status (Cheng et al, 2013; Dalmaso, Pavan, Castelli, & Galfano, 2012; Hymel et al, 2011; Zink, Tong, Chen, Bassett, & Stein, 2008). Reputations and labels tend to carry status information and sometimes the only information used to make status judgments is what we learn about someone from others.…”

Section: The Nature Of Social Hierarchiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many early studies evaluating social status used measures of social preference, or likability (e.g., Coie et al, 1990; Coie et al, 1982; Dodge, 1983; reviewed in Cairns, 1982; Hymel, Closson, Caravita, & Vaillancourt, 2011). This measure may be less indicative of social reputation and dominance than measures of popularity (e.g., de Bruyn & Cillessen, 2006; Cillessen & Mayeaux, 2004; Parkhurst & Hopmeyer, 1998), and less similar to traditional measures of social hierarchies (Cairns, 1982).…”

Section: Social Hierarchies and Status Cognition In Children And Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding social hierarchies: The neural and psychological foundations of status perception

Koski

Xie

Olson

2015

Social Neuroscience

158

112

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Social groups across species rapidly self-organize into hierarchies, where members vary in their level of power, influence, skill, or dominance. In this review we explore the nature of social hierarchies and the traits associated with status in both humans and nonhuman primates, and how status varies across development in humans. Our review finds that we can rapidly identify social status based on a wide range of cues. Like monkeys, we tend to use certain cues, like physical strength, to make status judgments, although layered on top of these more primitive perceptual cues are socio-cultural status cues like job titles and educational attainment. One's relative status has profound effects on attention, memory, and social interactions, as well as health and wellness. These effects can be particularly pernicious in children and adolescents. Developmental research on peer groups and social exclusion suggests teenagers may be particularly sensitive to social status information, but research focused specifically on status processing and associated brain areas is very limited. Recent evidence from neuroscience suggests there may be an underlying neural network, including regions involved in executive, emotional, and reward processing, that is sensitive to status information. We conclude with questions for future research as well as stressing the need to expand social neuroscience research on status processing to adolescents.

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Section: The Nature Of Social Hierarchiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Hierarchies and Status Cognition In Children And Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding social hierarchies: The neural and psychological foundations of status perception

Koski

Xie

Olson

2015

Social Neuroscience

158

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Peer report of children's perceived popularity has not been examined as an outcome in the emotion socialization literature. Whereas sociometric popularity measures social preference in terms of relative likability, perceived popularity is a more direct measure of social prominence within the group (Hymel et al 2011). Perceived popularity is particularly relevant when studying pre-adolescents because they increasingly prioritize such popularity over other indicators of social competence (Hymel et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas sociometric popularity measures social preference in terms of relative likability, perceived popularity is a more direct measure of social prominence within the group (Hymel et al 2011). Perceived popularity is particularly relevant when studying pre-adolescents because they increasingly prioritize such popularity over other indicators of social competence (Hymel et al 2011). Furthermore, when examining sociometric and perceived popularity concurrently, only perceived popularity significantly predicted children's self-esteem and depressive affect (Litwack et al 2012), with other research finding that unpopularity was more strongly related to loneliness than being disliked (Gorman et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, peer group acceptance becomes a very prominent concern. Therefore, loneliness and popularity also become particularly relevant during pre-adolescence (Hymel et al 2011;Qualter et al 2009) and it is especially pertinent to examine factors related to their development during this time period. Research has also found that parents are still playing a critical role in children's emotion socialization during middle childhood (Zeman and Garber 1996); however, parents' unsupportive reactions are particularly understudied during this age period, as noted by Denham et al (2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms Mediating Children’s Perceived Maternal Nonsupportive Reactions to Sadness and Children’s Social and Emotional Functioning

et al. 2015

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This study examined whether children's perceptions of maternal nonsupportive reactions to sadness (active discouragement and non-response) influenced children's loneliness and classroom popularity indirectly through their effects on children's sadness inhibition and self-perception of social competence. Participants were children in grades 3-6 from a university affiliated public elementary school (N = 175; 53 % females; 37 % racial/ ethnic minority). Children reported on the frequency of their mother's active discouragement and non-response of their sadness, as well their own sadness inhibition, selfperceived social competence, and loneliness. Classroom peers reported on children's popularity. Results indicated that perceived maternal non-response to sadness was indirectly related to classroom popularity and loneliness through the effect on children's self-perception of social competence. In contrast, perceived maternal active discouragement of sadness was indirectly related to children's classroom popularity through the effect on children's sadness inhibition. These results support the consideration of active discouragement and non-response as distinct constructs and indicate the likelihood of different pathways of influence in predicting emotional and social outcomes such as loneliness and classroom popularity.

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Main and Moderated Effects of Moral Cognition and Status on Bullying and Defending

Caravita

Gini

Pozzoli

2012

Aggressive Behavior

Self Cite

129

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This study analyzed the relations of two dimensions of moral cognition (i.e., acceptance of moral transgression and moral disengagement) and two forms of status in the peer group (i.e., social preference and perceived popularity) with bullying and defending among 235 primary-school children and 305 middle-school early adolescents. Social status was tested as a moderator of the associations between moral cognition and bullying and defending. Participants completed self-reports assessing the two dimensions of moral cognition and peer nominations for status, bullying, and defending. Both acceptance of moral transgression and moral disengagement were associated to bullying among early adolescents only, whereas in childhood moral disengagement was linked to defending among girls. Social status moderated the associations between morality dimensions and bullying and defending. The moderating effects of status were discussed considering status as a magnifying lens for the relations between individual characteristics and social behavior. The results were also discussed with reference to age and gender differences in the associations.

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Social Status Among Peers: From Sociometric Attraction to Peer Acceptance to Perceived Popularity

Cited by 35 publications

References 68 publications

Understanding social hierarchies: The neural and psychological foundations of status perception

Understanding social hierarchies: The neural and psychological foundations of status perception

Mechanisms Mediating Children’s Perceived Maternal Nonsupportive Reactions to Sadness and Children’s Social and Emotional Functioning

Main and Moderated Effects of Moral Cognition and Status on Bullying and Defending

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