Social stereotypes and judgments of individuals: An instance of the base-rate fallacy

Locksley, Anne; Hepburn, Christine; Ortiz, Vilma

doi:10.1016/0022-1031(82)90079-8

Cited by 239 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…'Stereotypes' and 'individuating information' are two key features that are fundamental to the process of forming impressions of, and making decisions about others (Brewer, 1988;Fiske & Neuberg, 1990;Locksley, Hepburn & Ortiz, 1982). Stereotyping is a process by which others are socially categorised on the basis of objective indicators such as their perceived race or a criminal record (Bodenhausen, 2005).…”

Section: Impression Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exception to the rule: Belief in redeemability, desistance signals, and the employer’s decision to hire a job applicant with a criminal record

Reich

2017

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

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Section: Impression Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exception to the rule: Belief in redeemability, desistance signals, and the employer’s decision to hire a job applicant with a criminal record

Reich

2017

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

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“…Two theoretical perspectives that address the influence of demographic information of individuals on evaluations by others are so-called assumed-characteristics theory (Locksley et al, 1980;Locksley et al, 1982aLocksley et al, , 1982b) and complexity-extremity theory (Linville, 1982;Linville & Jones, 1980). Coleman, Jussim, and Kelley (1995) ;Jussim, Coleman, and Lerch (1987);and Jussim, Fleming, Coleman, and Kohberger (1996) have investigated assumed-characteristics theory and complexity-extremity theory in laboratory experiments.…”

Section: Theoretical Perspectives From Social Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, explanations were derived from two theories from social psychology, namely assumed-characteristics theory (Locksley et al, 1980;Locksley et al, 1982aLocksley et al, , 1982b and complexity-extremity theory (Linville, 1982;Linville & Jones, 1980). In this study, these theories were taken out of the lab for the first time.…”

Section: Second Group Of Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These perspectives concern the impact of perceptions of groups on evaluators' ratings, defined according to the ethnicity-related demographic characteristics of these groups. These are assumed-characteristics theory (Locksley, Borgida, Brekke, & Hepburn, 1980;Locksley, Hepburn, & Ortiz, 1982a, 1982b and complexity-extremity theory (Linville, 1982;Linville & Jones, 1980). Hypotheses will then be derived and tested in the context of the Dutch police officer selection procedure over the last couple of years.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Applicant and Method Factors Related to Ethnic Score Differences in Personnel Selection: A Study at the Dutch Police

Meijer¹,

Born²,

Terlouw³

et al. 2006

Human Performance

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The aim of this study was to examine applicant and method factors related to ethnic score differences on a cognitive ability test, a personality test, an assessment center (AC), an employment interview, and a final employment recommendation in the context of police officer selection (N = 13,526). Score differences between the majority group and the first-generation minority groups were comparable to research findings from the literature. However, score differences between the majority group and second-generation minority groups were much smaller. On the cognitive ability test and the personality test most variability was explained by Dutch language-proficiency. Confirming assumed-characteristics theory, more variability on the interview and the employment recommendation was explained by Dutch language-proficiency and education than on the AC. Unsupportive of complexity-extremity theory, there seemed to be a general tendency to give lower scores to the ethnic minority group.The personnel selection literature has extensively investigated differences on psychological measures between ethnic minority and majority groups. This study focuses on ethnicity-related applicant demographics, such as language-proficiency and education, and their interplay with selection-method factors in their impact on test scores.

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“…Though prototype structure is an important aspect of the structure of social categories, there is surely much more to their cognitive structure. Effects of social context, linguistic context (Roth & Shoben, 1983), cultural stereotyping (Locksley, Hepburn, & Ortiz, 1982), and folk sociology (Dahlgren, 1983;Salter, 1983) deserve further research.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cognitive Structure of Social Categories*

Dahlgren

1985

Cognitive Science

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Support for the prototype theory of categorization was found in a study of the structure of social categories. Though occupational terms such as DOCTOR are socially defined, they do not have the classical structure their clear definitional origins would predict. Conceptions of social categories are richer and more complex than those of physical object categories and subjects agree upon them. Comparison of various instructions for eliciting attributes of categories showed that whether subjects are asked to define a term, give characteristics, or describe ways they recognize members of categories, the attributes they list contribute to a prototype structure. These data provide evidence against the view that prototype structure is relevant only to an identification procedure and not to the core of concepts, as has been suggested.

show abstract

Social stereotypes and judgments of individuals: An instance of the base-rate fallacy

Cited by 239 publications

References 23 publications

An exception to the rule: Belief in redeemability, desistance signals, and the employer’s decision to hire a job applicant with a criminal record

An exception to the rule: Belief in redeemability, desistance signals, and the employer’s decision to hire a job applicant with a criminal record

Applicant and Method Factors Related to Ethnic Score Differences in Personnel Selection: A Study at the Dutch Police

The Cognitive Structure of Social Categories*

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