Social Stratification and Some Personality Variables

Mehlman, Mary R.; Fleming, James E.

doi:10.1080/00221309.1963.9918424

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…vary with social class. Numerous personality characteristics such as insecurity, feeings of rejection (Mitchell, 1957), dominance, nurturance, affiliative tendencies, and aggressiveness (Meehlman and Fleming 1963) are also known to be related to social class in school population.…”

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confidence: 99%

Subject selection bias in psychological research.

Smart¹

1966

Canadian Psychologist / Psychologie canadienne

109

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The purpose of this study was to examine the types of bias operating in the selection of •objects for psychological research with humans. A secondary purpose was to examine the effects of these biases on the generality and significance of findings in the most biased research areas. The Journal of Experimental Psychology and the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology for recent years were examined. It was found that 73% of the articles in the J-A.S.P. and 85.7% of the articles in the J.E.P. used college students, chiefly male students enrolled in introductory psychology. Use of the general adult population or even samples representing particular sectors of that population is very rare in J.A.S.P., and not found at all in the J.E.P. It was pointed out that the college population differs markedly from the adult non-college population in many characteristics which are associated with psychological factors, e.g. age, social class, learning ability. It is concluded that the male college student has become the "white rat" of human experimentation and that a broadening of the bases for selecting subjects for experiments is in order. RisumiExamen des types de biais a l'oeuvre dans la selection des sujets (humains) sur lesqueb porte le recherche psychologique et analyse des effets produits par ce facteur sur la generality et h signification des resultats obtenus dans les secteurs de recherche les plus biaises. L'examen 4a Journal el experimental psychology et du Journal of abnormal and social psyckoloiy des annees recentes revile que 73% des travaux publics dans le J.A.S.P. et 85.7% des travaux publics dans le JJE-P. portent sur des etudiants de niveau collegial, surtout sur des etudiants masculins inscrits au corns d'initiation a la psychologic Tres rates sont les etudes du J.A.S.P.-il ne s'en trouve absohnnent aucune dans le J.E.P.-qui portent sur une population generate adulte, ou mSme sur des echantuions de secteurs particuliers d'une telle population. Le fait est souligne que la population de niveau collegial differe sensiblement de la population adulte de niveau non-collegial sur plusieurs points lies a des facteurs d'ordre psychologique (v.g. age, rang social, capacite d'apprentissage). L'eiudiant masculin de niveau collegial serait done devenu, pour ainsi dire le "rat blanc" da travail experimental effectue chez des humains et 0 faudrait elargir les entires president a la •election des sujets d'exptrience.

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confidence: 99%

Subject selection bias in psychological research.

Smart¹

1966

Canadian Psychologist / Psychologie canadienne

109

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“…The way psychologists rationalize inequality is by telling us that people at the bottom of the social ladder are lower on IQ tests, show less ego strength, have weaker superegos, and are unable to delay gratification. (See Hollingshead & Redlich, 19S8;Levy, 1970;Mehlman & Fleming, 1963;Reissman, Cohen, & Pearl, 1964. ) If only psychology had been sufficiently developed in the 1840s in the United States, we would have read a psychological analysis of slavery, describing slaves as "unable to delay gratification, low on frustration tolerance, having psychopathic tendencies, scoring lower on intelligence tests, and in general being unmotivated, impulsive, and violent."…”

Section: Clinical Psychology and Social Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salvation and its vicissitudes: Clinical psychology and political values.

Beit‐Hallahmi¹

1974

American Psychologist

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Discussions of values, as opposed to discussions of technology and ethics, are relatively rare among clinical psychologists and constitute only a limited component of graduate training. One major reason for this is that many clinical psychologists consider their technology to be value free. Personally, I find this view rather amusing. I can recall several case conferences when a statement by one participant was reacted to by another with a victorious, criticial "But this is a value judgment!" My reaction is, "But I thought everything we were doing here was based on value judgments." This last statement is likely to enhance my reputation as a cynic who has little respect for the sacred cows of the profession and the delicate feelings of his colleagues. It is interesting to note that those who emphasize the role of values in professional work are often labeled "cynics," and those who remind us of glaring inequalities and exploitation are labeled "materialists," while those who deny the importance of values and morality and justify exploitation and inequality are, apparently, idealists and purists. What becomes clear is that, for most psychologists, there is no need to talk about values, because they are taken for granted and are agreed on by a majority of their professional colleagues. There is little need to discuss what we all agree about; discussion is more likely to arise in qases of conflict. What we all take for granted may be ego syntonic, personally and professionally, may be consistent with our self-image, and is probably consistent with our self-interest and the need for survival in this society, but it is exactly what we take for granted that most clearly reflects our biases.

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A cross cultural study of values and needs

Johnson

Stiggins

1969

Acta Psychologica

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Social Stratification and Some Personality Variables

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Subject selection bias in psychological research.

Subject selection bias in psychological research.

Salvation and its vicissitudes: Clinical psychology and political values.

A cross cultural study of values and needs

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