Social Structure During the School Years: Onset of the Degrouping Process

Shrum, Wesley; Cheek, Neil H.

doi:10.2307/2095450

Cited by 85 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In particular, these studies have found effects of age on friendship and network stability (Cairns et al 1995;Degirmencioglu et al 1998), and network position (Shrum and Cheek 1987). Research suggests that friendships and peer groups become less fluid with age.…”

Section: Network Features Of Early Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many network analysts have brought attention to actors' placement or position within the network system or subgroup, with studies of youth social networks often focusing on the positions of clique members, liaisons, and isolates (e.g., Bauman 1993, 1994;Ryan 2001;Shrum and Cheek 1987). Clique members are typically defined as actors who belong to a tightly knit subgroup of peers and who share many of their relational ties with each other.…”

Section: Position Of Actorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, in one school system, they demonstrated that with age, best friendship stability increased while network position stability declined. Shrum and Cheek (1987) adopted another approach to the examination of age-related changes in network position by exploring developmental differences in the percentages of network positions in third through twelfth grade students. The results suggest that early adolescence marks the beginning of a ''degrouping process'', during which the percentage of clique members steadily declines and the percentage of liaisons increases sharply.…”

Section: Network Features Of Early Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Why Social Networks Matter: A Structural Approach to the Study of Relational Aggression in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Neal

2007

Child Youth Care Forum

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Prior studies have addressed the influence of individual-level demographic variables on relational aggression among children and adolescents, resulting in little information about effective points of intervention. This paper argues that the inherently social nature of relational aggression warrants an examination of the effects of peer social network features on these behaviors. Specifically, the paper reframes the literature linking two individual-level variables (sex and age) to relational aggression from a contextual perspective that considers peer social networks. Moreover, the paper offers implications regarding how these reframed findings can be applied to the development of effective prevention and intervention programs and future research efforts.Early characterizations and empirical studies of childhood aggression focused exclusively on physical (e.g., hitting, shoving, kicking) and verbal (e.g., threats of physical aggression, yelling) forms of aggression (see Parke and Slaby 1983 for review). In contrast, recent definitions of childhood aggression have recognized that children and adolescents may also inflict harm by damaging their peers' social relationships. This paper examines such relational forms of aggression. Specifically, in order to identify more effective points of intervention, the paper introduces a structural framework that considers the influence of peer social networks on relational forms of aggression among children and adolescents.Relational forms of aggression include deliberate behaviors designed to harm others through subtle injury to peer relationships such as rumor spreading, social exclusion, and betrayal of trust. Researchers have discussed these behaviors using three overlapping constructs: relational aggression (e.g., Crick and Grotpeter 1995), indirect aggression

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Section: Network Features Of Early Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Position Of Actorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Network Features Of Early Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why Social Networks Matter: A Structural Approach to the Study of Relational Aggression in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Neal

2007

Child Youth Care Forum

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“…Specifically, children, especially young adolescents, view clique membership and crowd affiliation as particularly important (Brown, Eicher, & Petrie, 1986;Crockett, Losoff, & Peterson, 1984;Shrum & Cheek, 1987). Given the strong desire to be part of a highly dense clique, it is likely that children may use relationally aggressive behaviors to attain and maintain these positions (Adler & Adler, 1995;Neal, 2007).…”

Section: Density and Relational Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network ties and mean lies: a relational approach to relational aggression

Neal

2009

Journal Community Psychology

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The current study considers how the structure of peer networks facilitates or constrains children's opportunities to engage in relationally aggressive behaviors such as social exclusion and rumor spreading. Specifically, the influence of two network features, centrality and density, on relational aggression are explored using grade-level behavioral and social network data collected on a demographically diverse sample of 144 third through eighth grade urban elementary school students. As hypothesized, these network features influenced levels of teacher-rated and peer-nominated relational aggression beyond the effects of demographic characteristics (i.e., gender and grade). Results revealed that relational aggression is influenced not only by who children are, but also by where they are located in the peer context. Implications for future research and intervention are offered. C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Relational aggression refers to attempts to harm others through the manipulation of peer relationships (Crick & Grotpeter, 1995). Common forms include rumor spreading, social exclusion, and betrayals of trust. These behaviors, also known as indirect or social aggression, are noteworthy because they are prevalent among children, and are associated with a multitude of psychological, social, and behavioral outcomes for aggressors and victims

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“…die dyadischen Liebesbeziehungen an Bedeutung gewinnen und mehr Zeit allein mit Liebespartnern verbracht wird (Flammer/ AlsackerlNoack 1999). In den USA scheint das .Degrouping" in einem etwas fruheren Alter einzusetzen (Shrum/Cheek 1987) als in Deutschland (ReitzlelRiemenschneider 1996.…”

Section: Die Gleichaltrigen Bilden Für Kinder Undunclassified

Freundeskreise und Cliquen im frühen Jugendalter

Uhlendorff¹,

Oswald²

2003

Berl.J.Soziol.

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Freundeskreise und Cliquen im frühen JugendalterJugendliche sind auf vielfältige Weise in ihre Gleichaltrigenwelt eingebunden. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz untersuchen wir die Freundeskreise von Jugendlichen, ihre Einbindung in Cliquen, die damit einhergehende sozio-emotionale Befindlichkeit der Jugendlichen und ihr abweichendes Verhalten. Dazu befragten wir 111 etwa 14-jährige Brandenburger Jugendliche mit standardisierten Instrumenten. Mehr als die Hälfte der Jugendlichen berichteten, dass sie in Cliquen eingebunden sind, von denen die meisten gemischtgeschlechtlich sind. Jugendliche ohne Cliqueneinbindung hatten einen kleineren Freundeskreis, trafen sich seltener mit anderen und fühlten sich einsamer und weniger sozial akzeptiert als Jugendliche, die sich einer Clique zurechneten. Jugendliche mit Cliquen hatten innerhalb ihrer Cliquen mehr gemischtgeschlechtliche Beziehungen als außerhalb ihrer Cliquen, was dafür spricht, dass Cliquen den Weg zu gemischtgeschlechtlichen Beziehungen im frühen Jugendalter bahnen. Zusätzlich wurden Cliquenbeziehungen gegenüber anderen Beziehungen als unterstützender und spaßorientierter beschrieben. Mitglieder gruppenkulturell problematischer Cliquen, die sich durch Konformitätsdruck nach innen und Provokationsbereitschaft nach außen auszeichneten, neigten zu abweichendem Verhalten wie Unterrichtsstörungen, Devianz und ernsthaften Prügeleien. Die Mitglieder in unproblematischen Cliquen ähnelten hinsichtlich des geringen Ausmaßes an abweichendem Verhalten den Jugendlichen ohne Cliquen. Jugendliche bekommen durch ihre Cliquen zwar einerseits viele positive Entwicklungsimpulse, andererseits bilden Konformität einfordernde und provokative Cliquen einen problematischen Kontext für die Entwicklung abweichenden Verhaltens.

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Social Structure During the School Years: Onset of the Degrouping Process

Cited by 85 publications

References 21 publications

Why Social Networks Matter: A Structural Approach to the Study of Relational Aggression in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Why Social Networks Matter: A Structural Approach to the Study of Relational Aggression in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Network ties and mean lies: a relational approach to relational aggression

Freundeskreise und Cliquen im frühen Jugendalter

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