Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model

Hou, Tiesheng; Zhang, Taiquan; Cai, Wenpeng; Song, Xiangrui; Chen, Aibin; Deng, Guanghui; Ni, Chao

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233831

Cited by 224 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The mental health of health care providers is of particular importance for ensuring proper care and treatment (24). Although the results of the present study did not show a signi cant difference in the components of the study between the two groups, but it showed that Covid-19 has reduced the quality of work life and increased fatigue and anxiety of all health care personnel.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…In each sub-scale, scores 2-4, 5-7, 8-10 and were considered as low, medium, and high, respectively. The eight components of QWL that were measured in this questionnaire include fair and adequate pay (questions 1-2), safe and healthy work environment (questions 3-4), providing opportunities for growth and continuous security (questions 5-8), rule of law in the organization (questions 9-12), social dependence of work life (questions [13][14], general living space (15)(16)(17)(18), social integration and cohesion (questions 19-21) and development of human capabilities (questions [22][23][24]. To determine the QWL, the score of eight dimensions of QWL, which was 24 to 120, was divided into three parts, each part having a distance of 32 units.…”

Section: Study Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Covid-19 on Anxiety, Quality of Work Life and Fatigue of Health Care Providers in Health Care Centers

Dehkordi

Gholamzad

Myrfendereski

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Covid-19 on anxiety, quality of work life and fatigue of health center staff in southwestern Iran. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive comparative study and the statistical population of the study included the staff of health centers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Using random sampling method, 181 people who had direct involvement with patients with Covid-19 were selected and compared with 261 staff in other wards who had no direct contact with patients with Covid-19. For data collection, demographic information (demographic characteristics questionnaire) , Covid-19 Anxiety Questionnaire, quality of work life and Rhoten fatigue questionnaires were used.Results: The results showed that the quality of life in both groups decreased and fatigue and anxiety caused by Covid-19 increased, but there was no statistically significant difference between anxiety derived fatigues of personnel involved with Covid-19 with personnel of other wards which were no directly faced Covid-19 patients. Regarding the quality of work life, no significant difference was observed in other components except in the component of human resource development. The results also showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of anxiety caused by Covid-19 with quality of work life and fatigue.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, Covid-19 had a negative effect on physical, mental and various aspects of quality of life of health care staff and led to increased fatigue and burnout, resulting in absence from work and its consequences.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Study Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Covid-19 on Anxiety, Quality of Work Life and Fatigue of Health Care Providers in Health Care Centers

Dehkordi

Gholamzad

Myrfendereski

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Age, which is also associated with greater personal and professional competence and experience, seems to allow health and emergency workers to block the intrusive aspects of the trauma, thus making them more committed to the intervention and less influenced by the consequences. In other words, this leads them to be less influenced by the intrusive components of their traumatic experiences [88]. However, age seems to be associated with higher arousal levels, and it seems likely that older workers have a greater awareness of the risks associated with the pandemic, as well as a greater sense of responsibility toward patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 crisis has placed a heavy burden on medical staff and emergency workers, who may be at risk of developing psychological distress and secondary trauma. Coping and resilience to stress during a pandemic are protective factors that can mitigate the potential adverse psychological effects. Here, we investigated the direct and mediated effects of coping strategies and hardiness on secondary trauma among Italian medical staff (physicians and nurses, n = 140) and emergency workers (firefighters, civil protection, and ambulance personnel, n = 100) involved in the first phase of the pandemic. For this purpose, we collected data from participants through online questionnaires to measure emergency stress, coping strategies, hardiness, and secondary trauma. Other variables analyzed were age, sex, direct contact with COVID-19 patients, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). We performed a correlational analysis, regressions, and a mediation analysis. The results show that nurses and physicians experienced higher levels of emergency stress than emergency workers. Direct contact with COVID-19 patients, female sex, unexpected events, and lack of PPE were risk factors for emergency stress, while resilience and coping strategies played a protective role. Mediation analysis shows that coping strategies and hardiness are protective factors and reduce the effect of stress on secondary trauma.

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“…For example, a survey study including 4,357 HWs in China found that their main concerns were family members and colleagues getting infected with COVID-19 [ 7 ]. Other cross-sectional studies in China found that perceived social support was associated with better mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 8 , 9 ]. However, these studies employed close-ended questions and pre-determined scales for hypothesized risk factors, and further research is needed to identify additional factors that negatively and positively impact HW wellbeing inductively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hybrid inductive-abductive analysis of health workers’ experiences and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

Hennein

Lowe

2020

PLoS ONE

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The COVID-19 pandemic puts health workers at increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes. However, no studies have assessed health workers’ experiences using qualitative methods during the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States to identify novel factors that could relate to their mental health. In May 2020, we distributed an online survey to health workers across 25 medical centers throughout the United States. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Primary Care-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise and associated cutoff values were used to assess rates of probable major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and alcohol use disorder, respectively. To provide insight into the factors shaping these and other mental health conditions, we included two open-ended questions asking respondents to recount their most upsetting and hopeful experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and how it made them feel. Using a hybrid inductive-abductive approach and thematic content analysis, we created a Social Ecological Model to represent themes among health workers’ experiences within five ecological levels: individual, interpersonal, organization, community, and public policy. Of the 1,132 participants who completed the survey, 14.0% had probable major depression, 15.8% probable generalized anxiety disorder, 23.1% probable post-traumatic stress disorder, and 42.6% probable alcohol use disorder. Individual level themes included participants’ personal health and self-care behaviors. Interpersonal level themes included the health of their social circle, family functioning, and social support. Organization level themes included their hospital’s management, resources, patient care, routine, and teams. Themes in the community level included the media, scientific knowledge about COVID-19, morale, behavior, and support of health workers. Lastly, government and health system leadership and shelter-in-place policy were themes within the public policy level. Our findings provide insights into novel factors that have impacted health workers’ wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors should be further explored to inform interventions and public policy that mitigate mental health morbidities among health workers during this and future outbreaks.

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Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model

Cited by 224 publications

References 50 publications

The Effect of Covid-19 on Anxiety, Quality of Work Life and Fatigue of Health Care Providers in Health Care Centers

The Effect of Covid-19 on Anxiety, Quality of Work Life and Fatigue of Health Care Providers in Health Care Centers

COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry

A hybrid inductive-abductive analysis of health workers’ experiences and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

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