Social support and posttraumatic growth: A meta-analysis

Ning, Jing; Tang, Xinfeng; Shi, Hanlu; Yao, Dongpeng; Zhao, Ziqing; Li, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.114

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Taken together, it may be that mothers with the protective factors present within this sample (e.g., “ very high ” social support satisfaction, endorsed religious affiliation, and college education) were better enabled to adjust in an adaptive manner following traumatic experiences [ 38 , 39 ] and were therefore better enabled to develop sensitive maternal behaviors with their infants [ 21 , 36 , 37 ] and protectively buffered against the effects and/or development of clinically elevated PTS. This aligns with contemporary research supporting constructs like posttraumatic growth and protective and compensatory experiences that build resilience [ 55 ]. Collectively, these patterns may have supported development of greater infant regulation ability [ 3 , 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Associations among Maternal Trauma History, Postnatal Maternal Sensitivity, and Infant Temperament

Hambleton,

Aubuchon-Endsley,

Kurien

2024

Children

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Women are at increased risk of trauma exposure and of experiencing prolonged posttraumatic stress. Maternal trauma exposure and associated impairment may adversely impact mother–infant interaction quality, which may in turn be associated with infant temperament difficulties. More research is needed to identify which maternal trauma predictors are most robustly related to infant temperament outcomes. The present study aimed to address this gap by examining maternal sensitivity as a mediator of relations between maternal trauma and infant temperament in a longitudinal study of a rural cohort of mother–infant dyads. Mediation via maternal sensitivity was not supported in any of the primary analyses. Greater maternal trauma exposure was found to predict greater infant regulation behavior, a finding that was in opposition to expected results and which may be explained by protective factors found within the sample. The present sample was skewed toward married, educated women who reported high social support satisfaction and low trauma-associated impairment. The findings elucidate protective factors that may mitigate adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants. Future research models should include additional maternal trauma variables (e.g., recency, type, revictimization/polyvictimization), in utero maternal cortisol exposure, maternal insensitivity/ambiguous response patterns during caregiver tasks, and analysis of the IBQ-R subscales.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Associations among Maternal Trauma History, Postnatal Maternal Sensitivity, and Infant Temperament

Hambleton,

Aubuchon-Endsley,

Kurien

2024

Children

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“…A longitudinal investigation of the effect of social support on PTG during the COVID-19 pandemic found that human social support significantly predicted PTG, whereas perceived support from pets predicted PTG after a month [ 40 ]. By synthesizing the results of 200 studies, a recent meta-analysis revealed a moderately positive correlation between empathy and PTG [ 41 ]. Given the repeated finding that social support positively impacts PTG, we hypothesized that social support may foster community workers’ positive psychological changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathy and Post-Traumatic Growth among Chinese Community Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Roles of Self-Disclosure and Social Support

Dou

Liu

Xiong

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Given the prolonged nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and its long-term psychological impacts, this study aimed to explore how empathy leads to post-traumatic growth (PTG) among Chinese community workers. Guided by the revised PTG model, this study identified the relation between empathy and PTG using a multiple mediation model that included self-disclosure and social support as hypothesized mediators. This study utilized data from 414 Chinese adults aged 20 years or older who completed an online survey during the pandemic. Self-disclosure and social support were measured as mediating variables. The study variables were positively correlated with PTG. Empathy was positively correlated with self-disclosure and social support. After controlling for demographic covariates, the results indicated that self-disclosure and social support mediated the link between empathy and PTG in both parallel and sequential fashion. Empathy, self-disclosure, and social support played important roles in the growth of Chinese community workers. The present findings have been useful in increasing our understanding, policy programs, and interventions by governments or regional bodies to ameliorate community workers’ PTG.

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“…Additionally, studies could investigate which protective factors attenuate the association with psychopathology in vulnerable age periods of childhood. A strong social support network or finding meaning in one’s experiences, for example, are some of the known factors that can lower or even reverse the effects of trauma into what is sometimes referred to as posttraumatic growth [ 57 , 59 ]. Finally, we make recommendations on how ALE should be operationalized in practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood adversity and psychopathology: the dimensions of timing, type and chronicity in a population-based sample of high-risk adolescents

Zarchev,

Grootendorst-van Mil,

Bouter

et al. 2024

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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Background Research on childhood adversity and psychopathology has begun investigating the dimension of timing, however the results have been contradictory depending on the study population, outcome and how adverse life events (ALEs) were operationalized. Additionally, studies so far typically focus only on a narrow range of psychiatric diagnoses or symptoms. The current cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between timing, type and chronicity of ALEs and adolescent mental health problems. Methods Adolescents from a population-based cohort oversampled on emotional and behavioral problems (mean age 14.8; range 12–17, N = 861) were included in the current analysis. Primary caregivers were interviewed on what ALEs adolescents experienced. ALEs were defined in two ways: (1) broad operationalization, including school difficulties, parental divorce, and family sickness; and (2) physically threatening abuse only, including physical and sexual violence. After looking at lifetime ALEs, we turned to chronicity, timing and sex differences. We focused on overall psychiatric symptoms as well as specific domains of emotional and behavioral problems, assessed using the Youth Self Report (YSR) and psychotic experiences assessed using the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16). A series of linear models adjusted for sociodemographic and parental factors were used. Results Lifetime ALEs were associated with all types of psychopathology, with relatively bigger effect sizes for broad than for physical ALEs. The latter associations were found to be more robust to unmeasured confounding. The 9–12 age period of experiencing both broad and physical ALE’s was most saliently associated with any psychopathology. Girls were more at risk after experiencing any ALEs, especially if the adversity was chronic or ALEs took place after the age of 12. Conclusions Broad as well as physical ALEs are associated with psychopathology, especially ALEs experienced during the 9–12 age period. Physical ALEs may be more useful in investigating specific etiological factors than broad ALEs. Sex differences may not emerge in lifetime measures of ALEs, but can be important for chronic and later childhood adversity.

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Social support and posttraumatic growth: A meta-analysis

Cited by 32 publications

References 117 publications

Associations among Maternal Trauma History, Postnatal Maternal Sensitivity, and Infant Temperament

Associations among Maternal Trauma History, Postnatal Maternal Sensitivity, and Infant Temperament

Empathy and Post-Traumatic Growth among Chinese Community Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Roles of Self-Disclosure and Social Support

Childhood adversity and psychopathology: the dimensions of timing, type and chronicity in a population-based sample of high-risk adolescents

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