Social Support as a Moderator of the Relationship between Anxiety and Depression: An Empirical Study with Adult Survivors of Wenchuan Earthquake

Xu, Jiuping; Wei, Ying

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079045

Cited by 79 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…All these factors may help elderly survivors adapt to the changes in the environment caused by earthquakes. Elderly survivors with a high level of social support also tend to use more effective coping strategies than those with a lower level [33]. Elderly survivors with a higher number of family members living in the same home may not have experienced the earthquake alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among elderly survivors six months after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China

et al. 2020

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Background: Several studies indicate that older age is a risk factor for probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, evidence on the prevalence and risk factors for elderly disaster survivors is limited. Methods: Multi-stage stratified sampling was applied in this cross-sectional study. The Revised Version of the Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) was used to evaluate symptoms of PTSD. Chi-squared test was used for univariable analysis of prevalence of probable PTSD by possible determinants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to further explore risk factors for PTSD. Results: 427 elderly survivors age 60 or older participated. The prevalence of probable PTSD was 40.5, 36.3, and 21.5% according to a cut off score of the IES-R of 33, 35, and 2 points on average across items, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, elderly survivors with a higher number of diagnosed chronic illnesses were more likely to be screened positive for PTSD and those with a greater number of family members living in the same home were less likely to be classified as having probable PTSD for all cut off scores. Elderly survivors with improved economic status and those with primary school or lower education were more often estimated to have probable PTSD with a cut off score of 35 and 2 points on average. Conclusions: Elderly survivors in a high impact area following a major earthquake are at high risk for developing PTSD. Those who live alone and report pre-existing chronic illness are particularly vulnerable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among elderly survivors six months after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China

et al. 2020

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“…Depression was assessed with the SDS. Patients with an SDS score ≥50 points were diagnosed with depression [14,15]. Blood samples were obtained the morning after admission, and the serum levels of UA and glucose were determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Fatigue During the Acute Stage of Stroke with Serum Uric Acid and Glucose Levels, Depression, and Disability

Lin²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

Eur Neurol

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Background: To clarify the correlation of fatigue during the acute stage of stroke with serum uric acid (UA) and glucose levels, depression, and disability. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods: A stroke group of 312 patients and a reference group of 312 healthy controls were recruited during the same period. Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Patients with an FSS score ≥4 points were defined as having fatigue. Depression was assessed using the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Patients with an SDS score ≥50 points were defined as having depression. Stroke severity and the level of disability were assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). Results: The prevalence of fatigue in the stroke group was higher than that in the reference group (p < 0.001). Within the stroke group, low serum UA level, high MRS score, high serum glucose level, and high SDS score were associated with increased FSS score. The MRS score was associated most consistently with the FSS score (B = 0.411, 95% CI: 0.297, 0.525). Age, gender, chronic disease history, and NIHSS score were not associated with FSS score. Conclusions: Serum UA and glucose levels, depression, and disability are closely related to fatigue during the acute stage of ischaemic stroke.

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“…A higher total score on the SCL-90 indicates a more urgent need for individual intervention. 1.2.2 The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) [12,13] Social support was defined as "the assistance and protection given to the others, especially to individuals" and it was measured by the SSRS, which has been demonstrated to show high reliability and validity on wide range of Chinese populations [12,13] . The SSRS contains 10 items, measuring three dimensions of social support: subjective support (4 items), objective support (3 items), and support-seeking behavior (3 items).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological distress, social support and medication adherence in patients with ischemic stroke in the mainland of China

Zhang

Qian

Shu-qing

et al. 2015

J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. [Med. Sci.]

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Stroke research and rehabilitation have traditionally focused on the physical and functional impact of a stroke. Less attention has been given to the psychosocial factors associated with this chronic condition. By the few studies that have specifically focused on psychosocial factors in the context of stroke, poststroke depression is demonstrated to significantly influence stroke outcomes. Associations of stroke with psychological symptoms other than depression have rarely been evaluated. This study was aimed to investigate the changes of psychological stress, social support and medication adherence in patients with ischemic stroke in the mainland of China. In this study, 90 patients with hemiplegia one year after first-ever middle cerebral artery infarction (stroke group) in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2008 to June 2011 were recruited for interview. Ninety age- and sex-matched normal volunteers (control group) were also examined at the same period. The psychological distress was assessed by the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), the social support by the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and medication adherence by Morisky's self-reported inventory, respectively. Group differences were analyzed using unpaired-t test and chi-squared test. The results showed that total mean scores of the SCL-90 in the stroke group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Except two dimensions, paranoid ideation and psychoticism, mean scores of the rest dimensions (including somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and phobic anxiety) of SCL-90 were significantly higher in the stroke group than those in the control group (P<0.05, or P<0.01). The objective support, subjective support, support availability and total social support scores in the stroke group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05, or P<0.01). Those in the "SCL-90 total scores >150 group" were significantly higher than in the "SCL-90 total scores <100 group" and the "SCL-90 total scores between 100 to 150 group" (P<0.05, or P<0.01). Those in the "SCL-90 total scores between 100 to 150 group" were significantly higher than in the "SCL-90 total scores <100 group" (P<0.05). In 90 patients with ischemic stroke, 26 (28.89%) patients obtained high medication adherence, 47 (52.22%) patients medium medication adherence, and 17 (18.89%) patients low medication adherence, respectively. Among these stroke patients, there were 17 (50.00%) patients with high medication adherence in the "SCL-90 total scores >150 group", 28 (75.67%) patients with medium medication adherence in the "SCL-90 total scores between 100 to 150 group", and 12 (61.16%) patients with low medication adherence in the "SCL-90 total scores <100 group", respectively. There was significant difference in the medication adherence rate among the different SCL-90 scores groups in these stroke patients (P<0.05 or P<0.01). It was led to conclude that ischemic stroke patients one year after hemiplegia have ps...

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Social Support as a Moderator of the Relationship between Anxiety and Depression: An Empirical Study with Adult Survivors of Wenchuan Earthquake

Cited by 79 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among elderly survivors six months after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China

Prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among elderly survivors six months after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China

Correlation of Fatigue During the Acute Stage of Stroke with Serum Uric Acid and Glucose Levels, Depression, and Disability

Psychological distress, social support and medication adherence in patients with ischemic stroke in the mainland of China

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