Social support in pregnancy: Does it have long-term effects?

Oakley, Ann; Hickey, Deborah; Rajan, Lynda; Rigby, Alan S.

doi:10.1080/02646839608405855

Cited by 77 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Other studies have looked at maternal well-being in relation to mother-infant interaction, child development, behaviour and/or health status (Caplan et al, 1989;Cogill et al, 1986;Field et al, 1985Field et al, , 1990Oakley et al, 1996;Sharp et al, 1995) but several important differences in the design of this study make it distinct from others. Field et al looked at problems in pregnancy as well as depression (1985,1990), and Oakley et al investigated the effect of social support (1996), but typically, most previous research has not examined relationships between child development and a mother's experiences and attitude towards motherhood and pregnancy in the antenatal period.…”

Section: Negative Attitude To Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 95%

Associations between child development and women's attitudes to pregnancy and motherhood

Deave

2005

Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology

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A woman's psychological state during pregnancy has been shown in previous research to be predictive of her adaptation to maternal functioning. Two hypotheses were examined: (a) women who have a negative attitude to pregnancy and motherhood have children who exhibit slower development at 2 years, compared with children of women who have more positive attitudes; (b) women with poor psychological health antenatally have children who exhibit slower development at 2 years, compared with children of women who have good psychological health antenatally. Three aspects of child development were assessed: cognitive, motor and behaviour, as measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. This prospective, longitudinal study recruited primiparous women in the last trimester of pregnancy, registered at seven health centres in socially deprived areas of Bristol City (N5436). Baseline data were collected antenatally, and postnatally at 6 weeks, 1 year and 2 years. Developmental assessments were administered at 1 and 2 years of age. Fifty-seven percent of women had planned their pregnancy. Using the EPDS, 25% scored above the cut-off (12/13) for risk of depression antenatally. Multivariable analyses found associations between advanced cognitive development and children whose mothers had been aware of the changes that motherhood might bring. Associations were also found between cognitive development and pregnant women who scored below the cut-off for risk of depression (EPDS,13). The effect sizes were small and could therefore be due to chance, but the associations were consistent.

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Section: Negative Attitude To Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 95%

Associations between child development and women's attitudes to pregnancy and motherhood

Deave

2005

Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology

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“…Estudos investigam este impacto tanto a curto quanto a longo prazo (Oakley, Hickey, Rajan, & Rigby, 1996); outros investigam os provedores de apoio social, destacando o pai do bebê como a principal fonte de apoio, seguido por outros membros da família, sendo que o apoio do marido/companheiro parece ter impacto mais profundo quanto ao bem-estar da mãe (Jussani, Serafim, & Marcon, 2007). Espera-se que o pai ofereça segurança à companheira, necessária à formação de um bom vínculo mãe-filho.…”

Section: Preocupações Vivenciadas Ao Longo Do Período Gestacionalunclassified

Sentimentos advindos da maternidade: revelações de um grupo de gestantes

Leite¹,

Rodrigues²,

Sousa³

et al. 2014

Psicol. estud.

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RESUMO.Este estudo objetivou identificar os sentimentos revelados por um grupo de gestantes em dois momentos -ao descobrir a gravidez e no instante atual da gestação -, bem como identificar dificuldades ao longo deste processo. Participaram nove gestantes com idade entre 20 e 40 anos, as quais em sua maior parte eram primíparas e conviviam com o companheiro. Depois de formado, o grupo foi levado a participar de três encontros: no primeiro se apresentou a proposta da pesquisa e as gestantes falaram dos sentimentos que as envolviam na atual gestação; o segundo encontro foi conduzido com base nos aspectos negativos relacionados à gestação identificados no primeiro encontro, encorajando as gestantes a falarem deste aspecto; e o terceiro encontro foi de encerramento do grupo e se sua avaliação pelas gestantes. Os resultados revelaram que o sentimento inicial era o de que as mulheres não desejavam a gravidez, por diversas razões, desencadeando sentimentos de tristeza, medo, culpa e ansiedade; mas estes sentimentos negativos se transformaram em sentimentos de alegria e satisfação, principalmente pelo resultado do exame de ultrassonografia e pela aceitação da gravidez pelo companheiro. Conclui-se que a formação do grupo das gestantes ofereceu acolhimento, interação das participantes e expressão significativa de suas emoções e foi uma oportunidade para revelar sentimentos e limitações/dificuldades, tanto individuais quanto coletivas. Palavras-chave:Emoções; maternidade; enfermagem. FEELINGS ARISING OUT OF MOTHERHOOD: REVELATIONS OF A GROUP OF PREGNANT WOMENABSTRACT. The goal of this study was to identify feelings revealed by a group of pregnant women in two moments: at the time of discovering and in the present moment of pregnancy, as well as identifying difficulties throughout this process. Participated nine pregnant women by the age between 20 and 40 years, most of primiparous and living with spouse. After the group was formed, it was conducted in three different times: at the first meeting, the proposal of the research was showed and the pregnant women talked about the feelings that involved the current pregnancy; the second meeting was conducted based on the negative aspects related to pregnancy, identified at first, and mothers were encouraged to verbalize about this point; at the third time, the group was closed and it was evaluated by the pregnant women. The results revealed that the initial feeling of pregnant women was non-acceptance of pregnancy for several reasons, causing feelings of sadness, fear, guilt and anxiety. However, there was a transition to these negative feelings to joy and satisfaction, mainly due to ultrasound and acceptance of pregnancy by their partners. We conclude that the group of pregnant women offered reception and interaction between participants and stimulated significant expression of their emotions, being an opportunity to reveal feelings and limitations/difficulties, both individual and collective.

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“…Lack of social support and partner involvement are widely established risk factors in parenting and maternal mental health both during pregnancy and postnatally, and these were all factors that women shared in their accounts (Stapleton et al, 2012;Blanchard, Hodgson, Gunn, Jesse, & White, 2009;Oakley, Hickey, Rajan, & Rigby, 1996;Rajan & Oakley, 1993). A novel finding from our study was that women who described difficult relationships with their own mothers expressed a heightened need to connect and bond with their unborn baby, which in turn placed a huge value on the relationship they had with their unborn baby.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Such alternative solutions propel forward our understanding of women's lives and women's health by positioning women's and mother's voices as a starting point of exploration (Oakley, 1996), which has been a central point in my thesis.…”

Section: Feminist Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in the arena of health psychology, feminist research has covered a rich body of critical examination, including the study of sexual health, menstruation, infertility, reproductive technologies, and more recently -pregnancy and childbirth, motherhood and mothering, postnatal depression and other topics related to mothering issues (Abbey & O'Reilly, 1998;Chodorow, 1999;Hays, 1996;Nicolson, 1990Nicolson, , 1999O'Reilly, 2008O'Reilly, , 2012Oakley, Hickey, Rajan, & Rigby, 1996;Rich, 1995;Ussher, 2006;Mauthner, 2010;Choi et al, 2005).…”

Section: Feminist Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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“I am the worst pregnant woman ever”: A mixed-method study of the nature of psychological distress during pregnancy

Staneva¹

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Pregnancy constitutes a major life event that confronts women with unique physical, social, economic and psychological adjustments. Epidemiological evidence suggests that the prevalence and severity of most common mental health disorders (such as depressive and anxiety disorders) during pregnancy are not different from those in the population of non-pregnant women. However, the mental health state of pregnant women has received considerable clinical and scientific attention because of its suggested influence on the pregnancy outcome, the baby, and the future child. There is emerging evidence that experiencing antenatal distress may lead to suboptimal birth, adverse birth outcome, This thesis begins with an outline of the research problem and sets the scene by providing the theoretical and methodological assumptions that underlie the design and the conduct of this thesis. In introducing this work, I argue that it is important to draw from a mixed-methodology scholarship grounded in feminism and critical realism to ensure a multi-faceted understanding of such complex phenomena as pregnancy and distress. I then position my research within a background of the existing literature, and pinpoint the gaps which this thesis aims to address. Starting with an epidemiological systematic review, I explore the link between antenatal distress and preterm birth, followed by a meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature that has examined the experience of antenatal distress. First, Isuggest that direct causal relationships between antenatal distress and adverse birth outcomes cannot be established in a conclusive way, and secondly I argue that such assumptions can be problematic for women as the experiences of antenatal distress involve a complex journey. I then suggest that pregnancy distress entails a process similar to that of iii grief and loss as a result of women's inability to situate their experience within the good and perfect mother discourse.The empirical section of this thesis draws on data I collected both via an online survey and through interviews and is presented in three consecutive studies. The online survey, which was completed by over 290 eligible pregnant women from Australia and New Zealand, consisted of various psychosocial questionnaires administered at three time points (twice during pregnancy and once after birth). This longitudinal data formed the basis for the first empirical study which explored the psychosocial predictors of antenatal distress. In this study I conclude that it is a woman's overall sense of coherence that predetermines her distress during pregnancy. In order to advance the understanding of the meanings that women ascribed to their experience, and how these affected their 'at odds' perceptions of motherhood, I then present the findings from a qualitative study with 18Australian women who reported pregnancy distress. Together, these studies point to the need to develop a more general framework for understanding antenatal distress allowing for factors such as global sense of fi...

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Social support in pregnancy: Does it have long-term effects?

Cited by 77 publications

References 19 publications

Associations between child development and women's attitudes to pregnancy and motherhood

Associations between child development and women's attitudes to pregnancy and motherhood

Sentimentos advindos da maternidade: revelações de um grupo de gestantes

“I am the worst pregnant woman ever”: A mixed-method study of the nature of psychological distress during pregnancy

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