Social transmission and shared reality in cultural dynamics

Kashima, Yoshihisa; Bratanova, Boyka; Peters, Kim

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.10.004

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For example, when people meet a new employee at their workplace, they tend to form their impressions of the newcomer jointly with their colleagues, and they feel more confident in their impressions when others agree. Shared reality creation allows us to evaluate other people (e.g., Echterhoff et al, 2005, 2008) or groups (Conley et al, 2016); to form culturally shared knowledge (Lau et al, 2001; Kashima et al, 2018) as well as political opinions (Jost et al, 2008; Stern and Ondish, 2018) and moral convictions (Heiphetz, 2018). Mastering successive stages of shared reality competence has been described as a key principle of child development (Higgins, 2016; Liszkowski, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tool for Assessing the Experience of Shared Reality: Validation of the German SR-T

2019

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Humans are highly motivated to achieve shared reality – common inner states (i.e., judgments, opinions, attitudes) with others about a target object. Scholarly interest in the phenomenon has been rapidly growing over the last decade, culminating in the development of a five-item self-report scale for Shared Reality about a Target (SR-T; Schmalbach, Rossignac-Milon, Keller, Higgins, and Echterhoff, unpublished). The present study aims to validate the German version of the scale. Individuals can establish shared reality either by receiving social verification (i.e., agreement or confirmation from an interaction partner) or by aligning their inner state with that of their partner. To increase the scope of the present validation, we implemented both pathways of shared-reality creation in three studies ( N = 522). Study 1 employed a social judgment task, in which participants assessed ambiguous social situations and received confirming (vs. disconfirming) feedback from their partner. Studies 2 and 3 build on the saying-is-believing paradigm, in which participants align their own evaluation of the target with their partner’s judgment. Based on an evaluatively ambiguous description, participants communicated about a target person and later recalled information about the target (Study 2). To further generalize the findings, message production was omitted from the paradigm in Study 3. Overall, the five-item model of the SR-T evinced good fit and reliability. In Study 1, the SR-T reflected experimentally induced differences in commonality of judgments– even when controlling for several related state measures, such as Inclusion of Other in the Self and Need Threat. In Studies 2 and 3, the SR-T predicted participants’ evaluative recall bias, which is an established, indirect index of communicators’ shared-reality creation. This effect was stronger when participants overtly communicated with their study partner, but it still emerged without overt communication. Across all studies, correlations with related constructs support the convergent validity of the SR-T. In sum, we recommend the use of the SR-T in research on interpersonal processes and communication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tool for Assessing the Experience of Shared Reality: Validation of the German SR-T

2019

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“…The potential for this rapid transmission is evidenced by the grounding model of cultural transmission (Kashima et al., 2007). Socially shared information is grounded; that is, its meaning becomes mutually understood and accepted among parties and becomes a shared reality “tagged” as a verified fact (Kashima et al., 2018). This socially constructed reality is more likely to spread through social networks (Bratanova & Kashima, 2014).…”

Section: The Role Of Shared Reality In Making the Right Decisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making the Right Decision: Intensifying the Worth of a Chosen Option

et al. 2020

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When people make decisions, they want the outcomes of their choice to be as positive as possible. But they also want the decision-making process itself to be conducted in the right way. Though this is often described as making decisions that are moral or ethical, it also includes making decisions that are appropriate-that are suitable and fitting. We focus on this latter, overlooked interpretation, and propose that making the right decision is about effectively establishing what is true and real. We discuss three factors that can lead people to experience their decision-making process as being right: (1) making a decision in the "right way"; (2) making a decision in a manner that "feels right" given the decision maker's current motivational orientation; and (3) making a decision based upon a "shared reality" with others. We review evidence that making the right decision in each of these ways intensifies the worth of a given chosen option.

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“…In what we dub the Communication Theory of Stereotypes (CTS), stereotypes are preserved in social groups through the dynamics of communicative interactions (Kashima, Bratanova, & Peters, ; Kashima, Klein, & Clark, ; Lyons & Kashima, , ). In CTS communication has two functions: one of them is to transfer information and the other is to establish connectedness among participants of a communicative process (i.e., the perception of having a transitory or long‐lasting social bond; Clark & Kashima, ).…”

Section: Stereotypes As Knowledge Structures For Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling stereotypes and negative self‐stereotypes as a function of interactions among groups with power asymmetries

2019

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Stereotypes is one of the most researched topics in social psychology. Within this context, negative self‐stereotypes pose a particular challenge for theories. In the current work, we propose a model that suggests that negative self‐stereotypes can theoretically be accounted for by the need to communicate in a social system made up by groups with unequal power. Because our theory is dynamic, probabilistic, and interactionist, we use a computational simulation technique to show that the proposed model is able to reproduce the phenomenon of interest, to provide novel accounts of related phenomena, and to suggest novel empirical predictions. We describe our computational model, our variables' dynamic behavior and interactions, and link our analyses to the literature on stereotypes and self‐stereotypes, the stability of stereotypes (in particular, gender and racial stereotypes), the effects of power asymmetries, and the effects of intergroup contact.

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Social transmission and shared reality in cultural dynamics

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

A Tool for Assessing the Experience of Shared Reality: Validation of the German SR-T

A Tool for Assessing the Experience of Shared Reality: Validation of the German SR-T

Making the Right Decision: Intensifying the Worth of a Chosen Option

Modeling stereotypes and negative self‐stereotypes as a function of interactions among groups with power asymmetries

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