“…Findings point to a disconnect between social work education and practice in the MENA region as perceived by students, and this may be attributed to the SWE system's basis on the Western-more specifically the American-model, as some scholars have examined (Al-Shuaibi, 2005;Mokhtar, 2006;Soliman & Abd Elmegied, 2010;Megahead, 2016;Al-Makhamreh & Libal, 2012). Implementing Western standards without critical assessment produces issues of ethics, cultural competence and efficacy (Ferguson, 2005;Holtzhausen, 2011;Lyngstad, 2013;Sloan et al, 2017). Within SW curricula and education, the integration of culturally competent practice requires that the field be carefully and thoughtfully introspective, so that such integration is not only effective but also appropriate and sustainable (Alsahow, Paris, Sayed, et al, 2019).…”