This special issue is devoted to recent research findings in the field of Multidisciplinary Emerging Networks and Systems. It contains selected papers from the Second International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Emerging Networks and Systems (MENS 2010), held at Xi'an, China, during Oct. 26 to 29, 2010, in addition to more submissions openly solicited through widely distributed Call for Papers.In recent years, novel computing paradigms are emerging. On conventional computer networks, we are superimposing new networking systems, such as peer-to-peer, wireless ad hoc, sensor networks, and general overlay networks. These systems' environments are distributed, heterogeneous and dynamic. They are managed by multiple administrative authorities and shared by users with different and competing interests. More often than not, they are autonomously provided by independent and rational individuals. The most distinguished feature of intelligent networks and systems is that, each player determines its behaviors autonomously. "Design for choice" is the fundamental principle of emerging autonomous networks and systems. Naturally, multidisciplinary perspectives and approaches will shed new light on various related issues in different networks and systems, and foster new applications. In this direction, knowledge from biology, psychology, economics, social network, and many other research fields can provide important and helpful hints for future networks and systems research.This special issue brings new research findings related to practical as well as on theoretical topics and problems in multidisciplinarily inspired networks and systems. It consists of seven papers organized as follows. Besides being selected based on their originality, significance, technical soundness, and clarity of exposition, they have been also intended to express the fact that multidisciplinary perspective is imperative for research and application in traditional wireless networks, sensor and peer-to-peer networks as well as ubiquitous computing.In wireless networks, since mobile users and applications compete for the limited wireless resources whose communication quality dynamically change, it is necessary to design an adaptive mechanism for mobile users and applications to share the available network resources while satisfying each application's QoS requirements. Based on an autonomous and adaptive behavior of biological systems, an adaptive resource allocation mechanism was proposed in [1], where each node autonomously determines wireless network resources to assign to each of networked applications running on it.A family of ant colony algorithms called DAACA for data aggregation in sensor networks was proposed in [2], which consists of initialization, packets transmissions and operations on pheromones phases. DAACA combines the advantages of global and local adjustments for evaporating or depositing pheromones on adjusting network topology. Experimental results indicate that, DAACA shows higher superiority on average degree of nodes, energy efficien...