Socially mediated reduction of isolation distress in rat pups is blocked by naltrexone but not by Ro 15-1788.

Carden, Susan E.; Hofer, Myron A.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.104.3.457

Cited by 59 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, opioids are known to have a role in contact quieting [21,23,24,115]. For these reasons, we tested and disproved the hypothesis that the interaction with the dam activates endogenous opioids to regulate the expression of USV potentiation.…”

Section: Opioids Do Not Regulate the Expression Of Potentiationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Acquisition and expression of a socially mediated separation response

Shair¹

2007

Behavioural Brain Research

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

INTRODUCTIONSocial bonds are made up of numerous subsystems mediating the overall social relationships that develop between infants and caretakers. The effects of an infant's formation of early life relationships and its social interactions with caretakers are known to last well in to adulthood with both beneficial and harmful effects [28,35,70]. In our laboratory, we study the development of social relationships between infant rats and their dams, sires, and littermates using an isolation, reunion, and re-isolation test paradigm.Infant rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in a variety of situations, including as a response to isolation, physical manipulation, and thermal and olfactory challenge [1][2][3]6,19,25,46,79,80,82,97]. Many researchers have used the presence and absence of these sounds to make inferences about the internal state of the rodents, e.g., isolation-induced USV's have often been called "distress vocalizations" [29,76,78].The isolation-induced vocalization of a rat pup is modulated both by current social interactions and by the pup's rearing experience. This modulation of USV by social interactions provides a paradigm for investigating the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying acquisition and expression of infant attachment. What is maternal potentiation of isolation-induced vocalizations of infant rats?Maternal potentiation of ultrasonic vocalization occurs when, after a brief contact with the dam, isolated infant rats produce USV at a rate significantly higher than they would during an isolation not preceded by dam contact. Although the definition may seem of narrow interest, there is a growing belief that the potentiation phenomenon has broad applicability for the study of early life social relationships in many species. But before going further, the reader needs to understand the usual test paradigm in our laboratory.Developmental Psychobiology, Unit 40, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr. NY, NY 100032, Tele 212-543-5695, Fax 212-543-5467, hns1@columbia.edu Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptTest procedure-On the day of testing, the dam is removed from the home cage and anesthetized. The litter is allowed to adapt to her removal for ~15-20min in the home cage on a thermoregulated heating pad. Then, each pup is tested in turn. The pup is picked up and placed alone in a clean polycarbonate rectangular box (18 × 21 × 20 cm) at room temperature. The test consists of three periods, which can range from 1-5min in length (3mi...

show abstract

Section: Opioids Do Not Regulate the Expression Of Potentiationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Acquisition and expression of a socially mediated separation response

Shair¹

2007

Behavioural Brain Research

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is also evidence that endogenous opioids mediate mother-infant affiliation in various species (Harris and Newman, 1988;Carden and Hofer, 1990). Recent data reveal brain opioid level changes in MS rats (Ploj et al, 2003a,b) as well as changes in morphine-induced tolerance, physical dependence, and locomotor sensitization (Kalinichev et al, 2001(Kalinichev et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Deprivation Increases Vulnerability to Morphine Dependence and Disturbs the Enkephalinergic System in Adulthood

Vazquez

Penit-Soria²,

Durand³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Maternal deprivation can trigger long-lasting molecular and cellular modifications in brain functions and might facilitate the appearance of pathogenic behaviors. This study focuses on the vulnerability to develop morphine dependence in adult rats that were separated from their mother and littermates for 3 h per day for 14 d after birth and examines the adaptive changes in the enkephalinergic pathways. Place-preference conditioning was observed with 2 mg/kg morphine in deprived rats, whereas 5 mg/kg morphine was necessary to induce conditioning in nondeprived animals. A prolonged morphine conditioning was shown in deprived rats. A strong increase in oral morphine self-administration behavior and preference was observed in deprived rats. Only a very slight increase in preference for sucrose solution, a more ethological reinforcer known to interact with the opioid system, was shown in deprived rats. These results indicate that this postnatal environment change leads to a hypersensitivity to the reinforcing properties of morphine and to the development of morphine dependence. A significant decrease in preproenkephalin mRNA expression was observed in the nucleus accumbens and the caudate-putamen nucleus of deprived rats. The basal extracellular levels of the Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens were significantly lower in deprived rats when compared with nondeprived animals, whereas no change in -opioid receptor binding occurred. These results strongly support that maternal deprivation leads to a basal hypoactivity of the enkephalinergic system and hypersensitivity to morphine effects.Together, our results suggest that maternal deprivation in pups likely represents a risk factor for morphine dependence in adult rats.

show abstract

“…Also, the presence of an anesthetized pup inhibits the emission of isolation-induced USV. The fact that the temperature of the anesthetized pup can be as low as room temperature without losing its potency in reducing calling behaviour again argues against the idea that isolation-induced USV are simply a byproduct of a thermoregulation process [7]. Pharmacological studies showed that quieting in the presence of an anesthetized pup is due to the release of endogenous , n=8).…”

Section: Behavioural Neuroscience · Behavioural Phenotyping · Communimentioning

confidence: 96%

Rodent ultrasonic communication and its relevance for models of neuropsychiatric disorders

Wöhr

Schwarting

2010

E-Neuroforum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mice and rats produce and perceive calls in the ultrasonic range (so-called ultrasonic vocalizations, USV). Various USV types can be differentiated on the basis of distinct acoustic features. Their occurrence is dependent on stage of development, affective state and social context. When separated from nest and littermates, young mice and rats emit isolation-induced USV, which induce maternal search and retrieval behaviour. Isolation-induced USV are used as an early marker of anxiety. Adult rats emit fear-induced USV in aversive situations such as predator exposure. They fulfil an alarm function and induce anxiety-related behaviour in conspecifics. Fear-induced USV are also used in the field of anxiety research. Finally, juvenile and adult mice and rats emit interaction-induced USV in presumably appetitive situations such as rough-and-tumble play or social investigation. As they can also be elicited by drugs of abuse, they are used in the field of addiction and depression research. They have an affiliative communicative function and induce social approach behaviour in the recipient. Focusing on the communicative function of interaction-induced USV, they serve as a measure for deficits in social behaviour and communication and hence are increasingly used in animal models for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism.

show abstract

Socially mediated reduction of isolation distress in rat pups is blocked by naltrexone but not by Ro 15-1788.

Cited by 59 publications

References 33 publications

Acquisition and expression of a socially mediated separation response

Acquisition and expression of a socially mediated separation response

Maternal Deprivation Increases Vulnerability to Morphine Dependence and Disturbs the Enkephalinergic System in Adulthood

Rodent ultrasonic communication and its relevance for models of neuropsychiatric disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About