Societal Responses to Sexual Violence Against Women: Rape Myths and the “Real Rape” Stereotype

Krahé, Barbara

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08398-8_24

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…This is particularly important, as we have shown that this behavior gives rise to attributions of blame. Dispelling myths about sexual aggression should also be part of prevention programs, as the present work shows that they are systematically and significantly related to the tendency to blame victims of sexual assault, particularly when such incidents include elements that are at odds with the "real rape" stereotype (Krahé, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Alcohol-Related Victim Behavior and Rape Myth Acceptance as Predictors of Victim Blame in Sexual Assault Cases

Romero-Sánchez

Krahé

Moya

et al. 2017

Violence Against Women

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Two studies analyzed the influence of victim behavior, drink type, and observer rape myth acceptance (RMA) on attributions of blame to victims of sexual assault. In Study 1, people higher in RMA blamed the victim more when she accepted rather than rejected the aggressor's invitation to buy her a drink. In Study 2, we analyzed if the effects depended on who offered the invitation for a drink (a friend or aggressor). RMA was more closely related to victim blame when she accepted (vs. rejected) the offer of a drink from the aggressor. In both studies, drink type (alcoholic vs. nonalcoholic) did not interact with the other variables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Alcohol-Related Victim Behavior and Rape Myth Acceptance as Predictors of Victim Blame in Sexual Assault Cases

Romero-Sánchez

Krahé

Moya

et al. 2017

Violence Against Women

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“…The global prevalence of sexual and intimate partner violence suggests that the threat of such violence is a reality for every woman, although women in some parts of the world are more vulnerable than others (Krahé, 2016). The #metoo movement on social media, which started in October 2017, has further revealed the prevalence and magnitude of, largely, men’s sexual harassment and violence against women (Lee, 2018).…”

Section: Sexual Violence Space and Justicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Campbell and Raja, 1999; Madigan and Gamble, 1991; Martin and Powell, 1994; Montada, 1994; Orth, 2002; Williams, 1984). As is also well-documented, the few victim-survivors who report sexual violence to the police are faced with high attrition rates and low conviction rates, which largely translates into impunity for offenders of sexual violence particularly in cases of rape (Krahé, 2016; Lovett and Kelly, 2009). 8 Moreover, if victim-survivors do not report the case to the police – which most, understandably, do not – alternative avenues for justice are scarce.…”

Section: Interrupting Disrupting and Intervening In The Continuum Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injustice Disrupted: Experiences of Just Spaces by Victim-Survivors of Sexual Violence

Antonsdóttir

2019

Social & Legal Studies

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Given the limitations of the criminal justice system to address cases of sexual violence, feminist scholars are increasingly exploring alternative approaches to justice. Here I ask: What is the role of space in the way victim-survivors of sexual violence can experience justice outside the criminal justice system? Can an understanding of space help us develop justice responses to sexual violence? Interviews were conducted with 35 victim-survivors of sexual violence in Iceland. In cases where offenders remained or re-entered their life space in some way, many participants described feelings of profound fear and anxiety. Participants used a variety of different socio-spatial strategies to ensure that they would not find themselves in the same space as the offenders. Based on the context as well as the networks and mechanisms available to them, these included surrendering, avoiding, negotiating, fighting for, protecting and (re)claiming spaces. Drawing on the concept of the continuum of sexual violence, I suggest that participants’ experiences can be conceptualized on a continuum of injustice. To the degree that participants were able to create what I call just spaces, they gained a sense of belonging, empowerment and freedom, which I suggest can be understood as disrupting this continuum of injustice.

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“…Introduced by Estrich (1987), the elements of real rape are stranger victimisation, in a public setting, evidence of serious physical injury, weapon use, and multiple assailants. Estrich (1987) and Krahé (2016), among others, argue that the more an offence conforms to this scenario, the more likely a victim will report it and the more likely it will progress in the criminal justice process. 8 Related research has focused on elements associated with credible victims: having a reputedly good moral character (e.g., no history of drug or alcohol abuse or criminal offending); no risk-taking behaviour before the offence (e.g., walking alone at night, going home with a suspect); screaming and physically resisting an assault; and reporting it right away (Horney and Spohn 1996;LaFree 1989;Spears and Spohn 1996).…”

Section: Female Victimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State Payments to Victims of Violent Crime: Discretion and Bias in Awards for Sexual Offences

Holder

2019

The British Journal of Criminology

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State monetary schemes for victims of violent crime began in the 1960s and operate in 35 countries today, yet knowledge is lacking on who is applying, how decisions are reached, variation in awards and why amounts may differ. Analysing 291 sexual offence cases in Queensland, we ask whether awards differ by victim sex/gender and by societal constructs of ideal, real rape, and credible victims. We found that male child victims received higher awards than female child victims for more serious sexual offences and that awards to females aged 12 and older were affected by elements associated with real rape and credible victims. We call upon researchers and governments to pursue and expand this new area of research.

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Societal Responses to Sexual Violence Against Women: Rape Myths and the “Real Rape” Stereotype

Cited by 27 publications

References 92 publications

Alcohol-Related Victim Behavior and Rape Myth Acceptance as Predictors of Victim Blame in Sexual Assault Cases

Alcohol-Related Victim Behavior and Rape Myth Acceptance as Predictors of Victim Blame in Sexual Assault Cases

Injustice Disrupted: Experiences of Just Spaces by Victim-Survivors of Sexual Violence

State Payments to Victims of Violent Crime: Discretion and Bias in Awards for Sexual Offences

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