Sociétés andines et changements environnementaux depuis 4 000 ans dans la région du Nevado Coropuna (sud du Pérou)

Kuentz, Adèle; Thouret, Jean‐Claude; Ledru, Marie‐Pierre; Forget, Marie Emilie

doi:10.4000/bifea.1388

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Indeed, around the Nevado Coropuna, four archaeological sites date back to the Intermediate Period (2300–1000 cal. yr BP) at 3000 m a.s.l., and are linked with the first agricultural activities in the region (Figure 1B) (Kuentz, 2009). The increase in Ambrosia could also reflect the plantation of these shrubs to stabilize agricultural terraces (Chepstow-Lusty et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, Puna grows between 3500 and 5200 m a.s.l., between the steppe and the snowline in the western Cordillera of Peru, and between the Andean rain forest and the snowline in the eastern Cordillera of Peru (Kuentz et al, 2007) (Figure 1A). Five altitudinal vegetation types were identified around Nevado Coropuna and are described in Kuentz et al (2007) and Kuentz (2009) (Table 1 and Figure 1B). These vegetation types include, from the lowest to the highest in elevation: (1) The Ambrosia steppe (800–2500 m a.s.l.)…”

Section: Modern Setting: Climate and Vegetation In Southern Perumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental changes in the highlands of the western Andean Cordillera, southern Peru, during the Holocene

2011

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In the tropical Andes, impacts of both natural and anthropogenic disturbances have been detected over a period exceeding 4000 years. However, the history of the environment remains unknown in most Andean regions. To infer possible interactions between climate and humans, we analysed the pollen content of an 8.5 m deep peat core extracted from a peat bog located near the Nevado Coropuna volcano on the slope of the Western Cordillera in southern Peru (15°30S, 72°40W, 6380 m). Results showed that taxa of the upper Puna expanded when cooler and moister climatic conditions prevailed during a time period that includes the early and the mid Holocene (9700–5200 cal. yr BP). An increase in shrub pollen frequencies and a decrease in the Poaceae/Asteraceae ratio are attributed to a drier climate during the late Holocene (5200–3000 cal. yr BP). After 3000 cal. yr BP, the vegetation cover resembled that of today. Both archaeological and pollen data attest to the beginning of agriculture from 2200 cal. yr BP. Around 900 cal. yr BP, the vegetation cover suddenly changed, probably because of a colder and drier climate. Past societies continued their agricultural activities despite this abrupt change. Our results emphasize the specific geographical location of Nevado Coropuna astride the Western Cordillera and the western edge of the Altiplano, which is consequently subject to both Pacific and Atlantic influences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modern Setting: Climate and Vegetation In Southern Perumentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental changes in the highlands of the western Andean Cordillera, southern Peru, during the Holocene

2011

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“…Tropical glaciers throughout this region also supply water to alpine wetlands, i.e., bofedales, which contain the largest amount of soil carbon in the region (Maldonado‐Fonkén 2015; Pérez, Lau, and Schuler 2015; Araya‐López et al 2018). The loss of meltwater could lead to a loss of these wetlands, reduce their ability to buffer and smooth out precipitation to runoff release times, release stored organic matter as CO 2 , and reduce available grazing for livestock and local herds of alpaca and vicuña (Kuentz et al 2011; Stark, Guillén, and Brady 2012; Gałaś, Panajew, and Cuber 2014). Additionally, ∼80% of Peru's hydropower capacity is buffered by glacial meltwater.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Remote Sensing to Discover Historic Context of Human‐Environmental Water Resource Dynamics

Brecheisen

Hamp-Adams

Tomasek

et al. 2020

Contemporary Water Research

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Analysis of historic and contemporary high‐resolution imagery can help to fill knowledge gaps in land cover and management history in locations where documentation is non‐existent or records are difficult to access. Historic imagery dating back to the 1960s can be used to structure quantitative investigation and mapping of land use and land cover change across space and time to enhance earth science, policy, and social science research. Imagery can further inform municipal planning and implementation in areas of natural resource allocation, infrastructure, and hazard mitigation. For management and public education, historic imagery can help people to understand environmental processes and the impacts of human activity in the local environment. Here we emphasize the value of high‐resolution historic satellite imagery from the Corona and Keyhole satellite programs to inform environmental research, public education, and environmental management. Within the Region of Arequipa in southern Peru we highlight examples of urban development, agricultural expansion, river channelization, and glacial retreat via comparison of historic and modern satellite imagery. By incorporating these types of historic imagery data in formats accessible to non‐professionals, public engagement as well as research into human‐environmental investigations will be greatly enhanced.

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“…We mounted the residue in silicone oil on microscope slides and identified and counted a minimum of 300 terrestrial pollen grains in each sample under 630× magnification. Pollen grains and spores were identified using the ISEM reference pollen collection and pollen keys (Herrera, 2010; Hooghiemstra, 1984; Kuentz, 2009; Ortuño, 2008). Pollen taxa assignments to ecological groups (bog, Andean forest, páramo) were based on published classifications of páramo pollen records (Moscol Olivera and Hooghiemstra, 2010; Moscol Olivera et al, 2009) and on our own botanical survey (Ledru et al, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the vegetation and water cycle of the Ecuadorian páramo during the last 5000 years

et al. 2022

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We analyzed changes in the long-term vegetation cover and in fire activity over the past 5000 years in the Ecuadorian páramo using a sediment core from Papallacta (Ecuador). The chronology is constrained by three tephra layers and 32 AMS 14C ages, and 168 samples yielded a high-resolution record of environmental changes. We estimated the upslope wind convectivity as the ratio between pollen transported from the Andean cloud forest and Poaceae pollen to distinguish changes in atmospheric moisture from changes in soil moisture. The record showed that the two sources of moisture, either from year-round adiabatic cloud dripping linked to SASM activity or to ENSO variability at decadal-scale, influenced vegetation-cover changes. Between 5000 and 2450 cal yr BP, both soil moisture and biomass burning were higher than after 2450 cal yr BP. The shift between the two states matches the zonal increase in summer insolation that drove the ITCZ to its southernmost position. Our results underline resilience to volcanic activity, the importance of the upslope convective dripping with the lowest convective index observed at ~4500 cal yr BP, the anomalous last century with the highest convective activity and the driest soil conditions recorded in the last 5000 years, the recent increase in fire activity and the link between soil moisture and the position of the ITCZ.

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Sociétés andines et changements environnementaux depuis 4 000 ans dans la région du Nevado Coropuna (sud du Pérou)

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Environmental changes in the highlands of the western Andean Cordillera, southern Peru, during the Holocene

Environmental changes in the highlands of the western Andean Cordillera, southern Peru, during the Holocene

Using Remote Sensing to Discover Historic Context of Human‐Environmental Water Resource Dynamics

Changes in the vegetation and water cycle of the Ecuadorian páramo during the last 5000 years

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