Societies of Wolves and Free-ranging Dogs

Spotte, Stephen

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139057769

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 782 publications

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“…We found no evidence that other variables (e.g., season, mammal richness) influenced the probability that a dog continues to use a protected area, when compared to the strong relationship with human houses. Short travel routes to protected areas in close proximity may have mitigated overheating (Spotte ) that was expected to occur in the wet season, resulting in little effect on dogs' activity and persistence of use. Likewise, no consistent pattern in the abundance and density of dogs using the protected areas was observed among seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use ofAtlanticForest protected areas by free‐ranging dogs: estimating abundance and persistence of use

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Worldwide, domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are one of the most common carnivoran species in natural areas and their populations are still increasing. Dogs have been shown to impact wildlife populations negatively, and their occurrence can alter the abundance, behavior, and activity patterns of native species. However, little is known about abundance and density of the free-ranging dogs that use protected areas. Here, we used camera trap data with an open-robust design mark-recapture model to estimate the number of dogs that used protected areas in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We estimated the time period these dogs used the protected areas, and explored factors that influenced the probability of continued use (e.g., season, mammal richness, proportion of forest), while accounting for variation in detection probability. Dogs in the studied system were categorized as rural free-ranging, and their abundance varied widely across protected areas (0-73 individuals). Dogs used protected areas near human houses for longer periods (e.g., >50% of sampling occasions) compared to more distant areas. We found no evidence that their probability of continued use varied with season or mammal richness. Dog detection probability decreased linearly among occasions, possibly due to the owners confining their dogs after becoming aware of our presence. Comparing our estimates to those for native carnivoran, we found that dogs were three to 85 times more abundant than ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), two to 25 times more abundant than puma (Puma concolor), and approximately five times more abundant than the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous). Combining camera trapping data with modern mark-recapture methods provides important demographic information on free-ranging dogs that can guide management strategies to directly control dogs' abundance and ranging behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use ofAtlanticForest protected areas by free‐ranging dogs: estimating abundance and persistence of use

et al. 2016

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“…In the wild, dog and wolf pups within the first few weeks of life, retreat to the maternal den when threatened; maintaining persistent proximity to the caregiver, the common pattern in primates, may be unnecessary or even counterproductive. Further, the pups appear to transition quickly after weaning (at approximately 7 weeks) from parental dependence to complex affiliative bonds and dominance interactions with other pack members (Spotte, 2012). Separation distress when separated from mother and littermates begins at about 3 weeks of age but drops off considerably by 16 weeks (Scott, 1963).…”

Section: Theoretical and Methodological Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment security in companion dogs: adaptation of Ainsworth’s strange situation and classification procedures to dogs and their human caregivers

Solomon

Beetz

Schöberl

et al. 2018

Attachment & Human Development

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This exploratory study describes the development of a classification system for dogs' attachment security to caregivers that adheres closely to Ainsworth's seminal methodology. Fifty-nine adult dogs and caregivers participated in a mildly threatening laboratory encounter with a stranger (TS) and the Strange Situation (SSP). Dog and attachment experts adapted Ainsworth's classification system for the behavioral repertoire of the dog. Four potentially comparable patterns of attachment were identified. The proportions of secure and insecure classifications (61% and 39%) were similar to those found in human toddlers. Caregivers' sensitivity to their dogs during the TS procedure significantly differentiated dogs with secure vs. insecure classifications Lower scores on the Active/excited personality scale on the Monash Canine Personality Questionnaire-Revised (MCPQ-R) also were related to secure classification. This system now makes it possible to compare directly the effects of human and dog attachment patterns on the health and emotional well-being of humans and dogs.

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“…Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966, protected by the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, and have been increasing in the USA since then, as well as in Europe, so they have been well studied (Mech & Boitani 2003, Musiani et al 2010, Spotte 2012. In addition, the concurrent advent of radio-tracking (Cochran & Lord 1963) and aerial radio-tracking of wolves (Kolenosky & Johnston 1967, Mech 1970 greatly fostered the study of wolf movements, including dispersal (Mech & Frenzel 1971, Mech 1987, Gese & Mech 1991, Boyd et al 1995, Boyd & Pletscher 1999, Sparkman et al 2011, Jimenez et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexplained patterns of grey wolf Canis lupus natal dispersal

Mech

2020

Mammal Review

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Natal dispersal (movement from the site of birth to the site of reproduction) is a pervasive but highly varied characteristic of life forms. Thus, understanding it in any species informs many aspects of biology, but studying it in most species is difficult. In the grey wolf Canis lupus, natal dispersal has been well studied. Maturing members of both sexes generally leave their natal packs, pair with opposite-sex dispersers from other packs, near or far, select a territory, and produce their own offspring. However, three movement patterns of some natal-dispersing wolves remain unexplained: 1) long-distance dispersal when potential mates seem nearby, 2) round-trip travels from their natal packs for varying periods and distances, also called extraterritorial movements, and often not resulting in pairing, and 3) coincidental dispersal by individual wolves from a given area in the same basic directions and over the same long distances. This perspective article documents and discusses these unexplained dispersal patterns, suggests possible explanations, and calls for additional research to understand them more clearly.

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Societies of Wolves and Free-ranging Dogs

Cited by 21 publications

References 782 publications

Use ofAtlanticForest protected areas by free‐ranging dogs: estimating abundance and persistence of use

Use ofAtlanticForest protected areas by free‐ranging dogs: estimating abundance and persistence of use

Attachment security in companion dogs: adaptation of Ainsworth’s strange situation and classification procedures to dogs and their human caregivers

Unexplained patterns of grey wolf Canis lupus natal dispersal

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