Society for Vascular Nursing clinical practice guideline (CPG) for carotid artery stenting

Treat‐Jacobson, Diane; Rich, Kathleen; DeVeaux, Theresa; Fitzgerald, Karen; Flood, Alyson; Gilpin, Victoria; Kirk, Lars; Smith, D.C.; Thomson, Lily; Jepson, Carol Ann

doi:10.1016/j.jvn.2012.12.003

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…(4) The craniofacial and temporal fascia contain rich blood supply ( 18 ), which is derived from the common carotid artery, superficial temporal artery, facial artery, and maxillary artery, which are accompanied by veins and intertwined into a network at the terminal branches of the internal carotid artery. Therefore, some patients with severe stenosis of the extracranial segment of the internal carotid artery (more than 70% stenosis) can be treated by mandibular carotid endarterectomy ( 19 , 20 ). The swelling of the maxillofacial region, which is observed using contrast techniques, is associated with compensatory thickening of the facial arteries ( 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Facial Swelling in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia by Facial Image Processing

Liu

Huang²,

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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A quantitative method for the evaluation of facial swelling in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established using a mathematical method for the first time. The rat model of MCAO was established via bilateral common carotid artery ligation. Three groups of rats with the same baseline were selected (model group, positive drug group, and control group) according to their behavioral score and body weight 24 h after surgery. Drug administration was initiated on post-MCAO day 8 and was continued for 28 days. Mobile phones were used to collect facial images at different time points after surgery. In facial image analysis, the outer canthi of both eyes were used as the facial dividing line, and the outer edge of the rat's face was framed using the marking method, and the framed part was regarded as the facial area (S) of the rats. The histogram created with Photoshop CS5 was used to measure the face area in pixels. The distance between the outer canthi of both eyes (Le) and vertical line from the tip of the nose to the line joining the eyes was recorded as H1, and the line from the tip of the nose to the midpoint of the line joining the eyes was recorded as H2. The facial area was calibrated based on the relationship between H1 and H2. The distance between the eyes was inversely proportional to the distance between the rats and mobile phone such that the face area was calibrated by unifying Le. The size of Le between the eyes was inversely proportional to the distance between the rats and mobile phone. This was used to calibrate the face area. When compared with the control group, the facial area of the model group gradually increased from postoperative day 1 to day 7, and there was a significant difference in the facial area of the model group on postoperative day 7. Hence, positive drugs exhibited the effect of improving facial swelling. H1 and H2 can reflect the state of turning the head and raising the head of the rats, respectively. Facial area was calibrated according to the relationship between H1 and H2, which had no obvious effect on the overall conclusion. Furthermore, mobile phone lens was used to capture the picture of rat face, and the distance between the eyes and H1 and H2 was used to calibrate the facial area. Hence, this method is convenient and can be used to evaluate subjective judgment of the human eyes via a quantitative method.

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